[IPD] 4 - Mechanical Scope: Equipment

Statics (Machinery Department)

Focuses on the design, analysis, and maintenance of stationary or non-moving components within a process plant.

Rotary (Machinery Department)

Responsible for the design, analysis, and maintenance of rotating machinery used in various processes.

Pumps

A mechanical device designed to move fluids (liquids or gases) from one location to another.

DRIVER (PUMP)

Fuel Source Kinetic Energy Transfer to move liquid from Liquid In (Low Energy) to Liquid Out (High Energy)

Reverse Osmosis

A process using pressure and a membrane to turn saltwater to fresh water.

Pumps: Positive Displacement

Includes types such as Diaphragm, Simplex, Bellows operated, Piston, Duplex, Double-acting, Single-acting, Horizontal, Vertical , Plunger, Multiplex

Pumps: Rotodynamic

Includes Centrifugal, Overhung impeller, Separately coupled, single and two stage, ANSI B73.1, Axial flow impeller (propeller), In-line, Frame mounted, Wet pit volute type (horizontal or vertical), Regenerative, Turbine type

Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries

Comply to ANSI/API Standard 610 Tenth Edition, October 2004, ISO 13709: 2003, (Identical)

Positive Displacement Pumps-Rotary

API STANDARD 676 FOURTH EDITION, FEBRUARY 2022

Pump Calculation Guidelines

Include Service Requirements, Liquid properties, Safety and environmental, Pump construction, Reliability

Compressors

A mechanical device designed to increase the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.

Reciprocating COMPRESSOR

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

Rotary COMPRESSOR

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

Centrifugal COMPRESSOR

ROTODYNAMIC

Axial Flow COMPRESSOR

ROTODYNAMIC

Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors

API STANDARD 617 NINTH EDITION, APRIL 2022

Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services

ANSI/API STANDARD 618-2008 FIFTH EDITION, DECEMBER 2007

Design Redundancy for Rotary Equipment

The inclusion of duplicate or additional components, systems, or features in a design to enhance reliability and ensure continued functionality. Example: 2+1 , 5+2 Working Standby

Vessels

A container or enclosed structure designed to hold and process fluids, typically in the form of liquids, gases, or a combination of both.

Horizontal Vessel

Characteristics include restricted headspace, large liquid surface area required, and low vapour-liquid ratio/large liquid volume.

Vertical Vessel

Characteristics include Limited floor area, stable vapour-liquid separation and high vapour-liquid ratio

Storage Tanks

A large container or vessel designed to hold and store liquids, gases, or bulk materials for a specified duration.

Fixed Roof Tanks

Commonly used in various industries for the storage of liquids, particularly those that do not require pressure or vacuum conditions.

No Roof Tanks

Typically used for materials that are not sensitive to atmospheric conditions and are stored in environments where direct exposure to the atmosphere is acceptable.

Floating Roof Tanks

Particularly designed to minimize the vapor space above the liquid, reducing the risk of evaporation and emissions; used in industries where storage of volatile liquids, such as crude oil and petroleum products, is common.

Shell (Tank Component)

The main cylindrical or spherical body of the tank that contains the stored material which provides structural integrity

Roof (Tank Component)

The top covering of the tank that encloses the storage space and protects the stored material from external elements and environmental contamination.

Nozzle (Tank Component)

Openings or connections on the tank for the inlet, outlet, vents, or other piping allowing for the transfer of fluids in and out of the tank.

Manway (Tank Component)

An access opening in the tank, typically equipped with a cover or hatch which allows personnel to enter the tank for inspection, maintenance, and cleaning.

Overflow Outlet (Tank Component)

An outlet or pipe designed to prevent overfilling by directing excess fluid away from the tank to prevent spills and overflows.

Vent (Tank Component)

An opening or system designed to allow the release of vapours or gases from the tank to prevent over-pressurization or vacuum conditions inside the tank.

Safety Valve (Tank Component)

A pressure-relief device that opens to release excess pressure from the tank ensuring the tank operates within safe pressure limits.

Bundwall

A barrier constructed around storage tanks, containers, or areas where liquids are stored, handled, or processed. It is usually made of concrete, steel, or other impermeable materials to create a watertight enclosure

Design Redundancy for Static Equipment

Design redundancy for storage tanks involves incorporating additional features, systems, or elements in the design to enhance the reliability, safety, and functionality of the storage tank.

Heat Exchangers

A vital operation in any process facility is the ability to transfer heat from one process stream to another or to or from a utility such as cooling water or steam.

SHELL AND TUBE EXCHANGERS

A type of heat exchanger that consists of a shell (a large vessel) and a bundle of tubes within the shell, with fluid flowing inside the tubes while another fluid flows outside the tubes.

AIR-COOLED EXCHANGERS

A type of heat exchanger that uses ambient air to dissipate heat from a process fluid, consisting of a bundle of tubes through which the hot fluid flows.

Accumulator

A horizontal-axis vessel having no internal parts used to collect product as it circulates through the refining process.

Air coolers

A name for air fan and fin-fan, a rectangular device having small diameter pips or tubes winding back and forth, side-to- side, similar to that of an automobile radiator.

Chiller

One of the many types of exchangers used to reduce the temperature of a process commodity.

Column

see fractionation column.

Compressor

Mechanical device used to increase the flow pressure of a gaseous or vaporous commodity

Cooling tower

Uses a large fan to remove the latent heat from cooling water by drawing air across cascading water.

Exchanger

Also known as shell and tube or g-fin. Any, from a family of devices, used to transfer heat from one commodity to another, specifically designed to prevent the two commodities from mixing.

Flare stack

A vertical-axis tower which uses an open flare to burn waste or contaminated product

Fractionation column

Any number of vertical-axis, separating devices having internal trays, plates, or other packing materials which are used to separate, or fractionate a feed stock into various component by-products (fractions) by refining it (distilling, fractionating) at the molecular level.

Heater

Horizontal or vertical axis device used to heat a commodity by circulating it through pipes which run through an open-flame firebox.

Knock-out drum

Used to collect any liquids present in the waste stream prior to entering a flare system, especially important if substantial cooling of heavy liquids is necessary.

Mixer

Device used to combine liquid, semiliquid, or bulk materials needed in the refining process.

Pump

Mechanical device used to increase the flow pressure of a liquid commodity

Name Plate (Equipment)

An Item Every equipment must have and are fixed in a place of easy access and good visibility which is used to identify and provide information

Buildings (Process Plant)

Various structures and facilities that are part of the overall plant infrastructure. These structures are essential for housing equipment, personnel, and supporting the various operations within the facility.

Process Building

Structures specifically designed to house the main processing units and equipment essential for the core industrial or chemical processes within the facility.

Control Building

Structures specifically designed to house the control systems and instrumentation necessary for monitoring and managing the various operations within the plant.

Administration Building

Facilities dedicated to housing administrative functions and personnel essential for the management, coordination, and support of the overall plant operations.

Warehouse and Workshops

Facility dedicated to the storage of raw materials, intermediate products, finished goods, or other materials essential for the plant's operations used for maintenance, repair, and sometimes fabrication activities take place.

Temporary Facility

A structure or installation that is set up for a limited duration to serve specific functions within the plant's operations to meet short-term needs such as accommodating additional equipment, providing extra workspace, or addressing specific project requirements.