Anatomy Lecture EXAM

skeletal system

provides support and protection site of hemopoesis(blood cell production),stores calcium and phosphorus, and provides sites for muscle attachment

integumentary system

provides protection, regulates body temp., site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin d, and prevents water loss

musclular system

produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract

endocrine system

consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones some of which regulate body and cellular growth chemical levels in the body and reproductive functions

nervous system

a regulatory system that controls the body movement , respondes to stimuli, and helps control all other systems, also responsible for conciousness intelligence, and memory

cardiovascular system

heart, blood, and blood vessels, the heart moves blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones , nutrients, and gases, and pick up waste.

respiratory system

responsible for exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs

digestive system

mechanically and chemically digests food materials absorbs nutrients and expels waste products

lymphatic system

transports and filters lymph fluid transported through lymph vessels and initiates an immune response when necessary

urinary system

filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood concentrates waste products in the form of urine and expels urine from the body

dorsal

toward the back - the spinal cord is ____ side of the body

ventral

toward the belly side- the belly button is on the ___side of the body.

caudal

at the rear or tail end- the abdomen is ____ to the head

rostral

toward the nose or mouth- the frontal bone is ____to the occipital bone

regions?

9 abdominalpelvic regions, 4 abdominla pelvic quadrents

sutures

immovable joints that form boundaries between skull bones

what are the structural categories of joints

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

what are the three functional categories of joints

synarthroses , amphiarthoses, and diarthroses

synarthroses

immobile joints

amphiarthroses

slightly mobile

diarthroses

freely movable

removal of old organelles is the process of

autophagy

whats the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis

lysosomes

what bone is not paired

mandible

What is the correct order for the vertebral regions, from superior to inferior?

Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

The sternal angle can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the position of the

the second rib

Rib 1 articulates with vertebra ______ and the ______.

T1; manubrium of the sternum

The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what type of epithelium?

Simple squamous

What type of epithelium has the appearance of a group of pillars lined up next to each other?

Simple columnar

Whats included in the pelvic girdle?

the two coxal bones, sacral vertebrae, and coccygeal vertebrae

pectoral girdle ?

scapula and clavicle

When you rest your hands on your hips, just below the waist, you are resting them on the

Illiac crest

An elderly man fell on an outstretched arm and fractured a bone in his antebrachium. Therefore, he may have injured the

radius or ulna.

Osteolysis is

the release of calcium and phosphate from the matrix.

An example of a flat bone would be the

parietal bone

Which of the abdominal muscles is responsible for taking in a breath?

the diaphragm

The muscle indicated by the number 1 is a(n) _______________ muscle and therefore ________________ the hyoid bone.

infrahyoid; depresses

Which skin markings usually disappear during childhood?

Capillary hemangiomas

An individual may become pale when exposed to cold temperatures. This is due to

vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels.

whats highlighted

Pectineus

whats highlighted

adductor longus

Whats highlighted

Soleus

Whats highlighted

Mentalis

Whats highlighted

Geniohyoid

whats highlighted

Soleus

Which condition is specifically associated with aging and/or extreme exercise and is commonly called “wear and tear arthritis”?

osteoarthritis

Which region of a somite differentiates into the skeletal muscles?

myotome

A sarcomere is defined as the distance from one _____ to the next.

z disc

During an automobile accident, a friend of yours suffers a fractured femur. As a result, the muscles of the thigh begin to swell, compressing blood vessels and nerves within the quadriceps fascia. If the blood supply is not restored within a few hours, his nerves and muscles could atrophy—a dangerous situation. What condition is he experiencing?

compartment syndrome

Your grandmother complains of pain on the underside of her foot near the heel. Consequently, she has been forced to stop her daily 6 mile run. What condition is most likely causing her pain?

Plantar fasciitis

The _______________ muscle, highlighted in the image below, serves as a rotator cuff muscle.

supraspinatus

A section through the leg shows the muscle compartments. Regarding the muscles indicated by the number 1, what action do they have on the ankle/foot?

eversion

There are three gluteal muscles. Select the one that is correctly matched with its primary action.

Gluteus medius: abducts the thigh

Superficial and deep arm muscles are shown from an anterior view. Which muscle(s) can move both the elbow joint and glenohumeral (shoulder) joints?

1 only

Superficial and deep arm muscles are shown from an anterior view. Which muscle(s) can move both the elbow joint and glenohumeral (shoulder) joints?

supraspin., infraspin., subscapular., teres minor

plantar

sole of the feet

popaletial/patellar

back of the knee, front of the knee

femoral

thigh

dorsum/manus

of the hand, hand

sural

calf

antecubital

front of elbow

crural

leg

fibural

lateral aspect of leg

serous membrane

two layers: parietal and visceral

pariteal>visceral>organs

median space in thoracic cavity(chest cavity)

mediastinum

mediastinum

it contains the heart, thymus, esophageal, trachea, and major blood vessels

How many cavities are there

cranial/vertebral canal(2 posterior cavities), thoracic/abdominopelvic(2 ventral cavities)

inguinal

groin

What is the total number of phalanges in a normal human body?

56

axil skeleton

thoracic cage, vertebrae, skull

extensor of the thigh and laterally rotates

gluteus maximus

abductor of the thigh/medially rotates

gluteus medius and the minimus works synergistically

hamstring muscles -move both thigh/knee, how?

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus, adductor magnus(hamstring part)—extension

psoas major

flexes thigh

illiacus

flexes thigh

sartorius

flexes thigh/leg and rotates thigh laterally

rectus femoris

flexes thigh/extends leg

anterior thigh flexors

psoas major,illiacus,sartorius,rectus femoris

adductor longus

adducts thigh/flexes thigh

adductor brevis

adducts thigh/flexes thigh

Gracilis

adducts and flexes thigh/flexes leg

pectineus

adducts/flexes thigh

adductor magnus

adducts thigh-adductor part of muscle flexes thigh, hamstring part extends and rotates thigh

oburator externus

laterally rotates thigh

thigh abductor/medially rotates thigh

tensor fasciae latae

laterally rotates thigh

piriformis, superior gemellus, orburator internus,inferior gemellus,quadratus femoris

biceps femoris

extends thigh( long head) flexes leg (both long/short head )/laterally rotates leg

Semimebranosus

extends thigh and flexes leg/medially rotates leg

semitendinosus

extends thigh and flexes leg, medially rotates leg

anterior leg msucles

dosiflex the foot/extend the toes

lateral leg muscles

plantar flex and evert the foot

posterior leg muscles

flex the leg/plantar flex the foot/flex the toes

The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called

Cristae

Which number in the figure represents formation of a lysosome?

6c

How many pairs of ribs articulate (directly or indirectly) with the sternum?

10

Which feature is unique to the axis?

dens

Of the four largest types of sutures in the skull, which are paired?

squamous

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found lining each of these locations except the

small intestine.

Your professor says something profoundly funny. You are tempted to laugh but because you failed to brush your teeth this morning all you can do is to manage a closed-mouth smile. What muscle are you primarily using?

ristoris

whats this…

suprahyoid/elevates