EXAM 2 - part 3

patients with barrel-chest may have a pathological condition indicative of

copd/emphysema

the sternum is a major site for

RBC production

what makes up the boundaries of the thoracic inlet/superior thoracic aperature

manubrium, first rib, t1

what makes up the inferior thoracic aperture/thoracic outlet

xiphoid, costal margin, rib 12, distal end of rib 11, t12

which ribs are false and indirectly articular with sternum by attaching to costal cartilage of the rib above

8-10

what are the typical ribs

3-9

what part of the rib protects the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

costal groove

what are the functions of the thoracic cage

protection, muscle attachment, respiration

what is the function of the external intercostal muscle? what way do the fibers run

elevate ribs for inspiration

downward and forward

what is the function of the internal intercostal muscle, innermost intercostal muscle, subcostalis, and transversus thoracis

depress the ribs for forced expiration

which way do the fibers of the internal intercostal muscle and innermost intercostal muscle run

downward and backward

what are the branches of the internal thoracic artery (MAPS)

musculophrenic, anterior intercostal, pericardiacophrenic, and superior epigastric arteries

is the thoracic aorta a left or right side structure

left

what artery supplies the anterior thoracic wall

internal thoracic artery

what arteries supply the posterior thoracic wall

supreme intercostal, 3-11 posterior intercostal, subcostal arteries

the posterior aspect of the thoracic wall is drained by the _____

azygos system

the 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins join together to form the ____ drain which drains into the azygos vein

superior intercostal vein

is the azygos vein on the left side

no, only right

the function of the endothoracic fascia is to prevent the ___ muscle from rubbing against the ___

innermost intercostal, parietal pleura

the thickening of the fascia over the apex of the lung is called the

suprapleural membrane

the typical intercostal space contains what structures

intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

what are the intercostal vein artery and nerve sandwiched between

internal and innermost intercostal muscles

the parietal pleura reflects back to become the ___ pleura at the root of the lung

visceral

what minimizes friction between the parietal and visceral layers and facilitates movement of the lungs

pleural fluid

what pleural recess is a location where fluid can accumulate and is formed where the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae meet

costodiaphragmatic recess

t/f

the parietal pleura is highly sensitive to pain while the visceral pleura is not sensitive to pain

true

FIB

what is a condition in which there is a flap present on the visceral pleura and prevents air from exiting during expiration...may kill you

tension pneumothorax

pleuritis produces a sound known as ____which can be heard on auscultation

pleural friction rub

what vertebral levels divide the mediastinum into the superior and inferior regions

t4,t5

the sternal angle indicates the level of ......

superior and inferior mediastinum

second rib with sternum

aortic arch

bifurcation of trachea

pulmonary trunk

what are the contents of the superior mediastinum

thoracic duct, vagus nerve, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, phrenic nerve,

what are the contents of the anterior mediastinum

thymus, lymph nodes, sternopericardial ligaments

what nodes found in the anterior mediastinum are enlarged in breast and lung cancer

parasternal nodes

what are the contents of the middle mediastinum

heart, pericardium, roots of great vessels, main bronchi, phrenic nerve

what are the contents of the posterior mediastinum

esophagus

thoracic aorta

azygos vein

hemiazygos vein

thoracic duct

vagus nerve

splanchnic nerve

what vertebral level does the trachea begin

c6

the right main bronchus is __,___, and more ___ than the left

shorter, wider, vertical

what represents the lowest part in the tracheobronchial tree where the cough reflex is mechanically initiated

carina

what are the structures that form the root of the lung

bronchi

pulmonary vessels

bronchial vessels

nerves

lymphatics

what connects the mediastinal parietal pleura to visceral pleura

pulmonary ligament

why is the left lung slightly smaller than the right lung

due to position of the heart

what is a characteristic feature of the left lung that appears as a flap on the inferior surface

lingula

what is for passage of apex of the heart (auscultation point)

cardiac notch

how many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung

10

what does each bronchopulmonary segment consist of

segmental bronchus

branch of pulmonary artery

segment of lung tissue

surrounding septum

T/F

bronchopulmonary segments can be surgically removed without affecting the functioning of adjacent segments

true