spleen patho

by 11th week, the spleen

begins blood cell production

splenic artery arises from _____ and splits into _____ after hilum

celiac axis, 6 branches

splenic artery aneurysms are most common in

diabetics

spleen function

filters damaged cells, microorganisms, and delivers antigens to immune system

Left Kidney is _____ and _____ to spleen

inferior, medial

Stomach is _____ and ______ to Spleen

anterior, medial

pancreas is ____ to spleen

medial

supporting splenic ligaments

gastrosplenic and splenorenal

spleen size

9-12 length

leukopenia

decreased WBC

heterotaxia

different arrangement aka situs ambiguos

assoc. w/ polysplenia and asplenia

biliary atresia

polycythenia vera

cancer that starts in bone marrow, characterized by RBC production, and can lead to splenomegaly

splenic red pulp

filters and stores blood

splenic white pulp

immune system function

culling function

removes damaged/abnormal RBC’s

pitting function

removes RBC’s that completed their lifespan

white pulp function

production of lymphocytes and plasma cells which are important for the formation of antibodies

spleen exam indications

palpable spleen, infectious diseases, chronic liver disease,trauma

wandering spleen

occurs due to embryologic anomaly of supporting ligaments, risk of torsion

splenomegaly

most common splenic anomaly

venous congestion

most common cause for splenomegaly

portal hypertension (caused by cirrhosis)

most common cause for congestive splenomegaly

thrombosis of splenic vein

another cause of congestive spenomegaly

common causes for splenomegaly

trauma, infections like mono, blood disorders like polycythenia vera, lymphoma, etc

splenic pseudocyst

be result from resolving hematoma or infarct

splenic infarct

blood supply is compromised resulting in tissue ischemia and tissue death, most commonly caused by occlusion

splenic infarction risk factors

blood borne cancers, sickle cell, polycythenia vera, trauma, wandering spleen

sickle cell disease

inherited blood disorder caused by defective hemoglobin where RBC clusters can cause infarction, anemia, artery blockage, and splenomegaly

ssd spleen in 1st year has _____ and at about 8 yrs old becomes ______

splenomegaly, fibrotic and shrinks

associated with sickle cell anemia

autosplenectomy

autosplenectomy is due to repeated _____ and _____, leading to atrophy

sequestration, infarction

spenic trauma

spleen is the most commonly injured organ as a result of blunt abdominal trauma

histoplasmosis and tuberculosis

most common cause of granulomas

cirrhosis and portal hypertension

can lead to splenorenal varices

splenosis

acquired, usually after trauma/splenectomy-- autotransplantation of splenic tissue

splenic artery aneurysm risk rupture when

liver disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, htn, pregnancy

hematoma type where capsule will not rupture

subcapsular or intraparenchymal

hematoma type where capsule ruptures

perisplenic or intraperitoneal

hamartoma

aka splenoma is a benign, abnormal formation of tissue

lymphangioma

non-cancerous fluid-filled cysts from lymph fluid often occurring in children

angiosarcoma

cancer forming in lining of blood and lymph vessels, causes splenomegaly so large w/ a risk of rupture

lymphoma

most common malignant disease affecting spleen

malignant melanoma

most common cancer to mets to spleen, followed by breast and lung