3.4 The animal kingdom (Ver

Vertebrate Animals - Phylum Chordata

• Around 50,000 species divided into 5 classes

• Fish, Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

• Notochord runs length of body and allows for muscles attachment

• Dorsal nerve cord extends along the back (becomes the brain and spinal cord)

• Most are vertebrates

What fish are in class Chondrichthyes?

• Includes the sharks and rays

• Skeleton or cartilage

• Paired fins and jaws

What fish are in class Osteichthyes

• Includes guppies, tuna, and salmon

• Skeleton made of bone

• Most have an air sac (swim bladder) used it rise and sink by filling it with oxygen

• paired fins and jaws

Amphibians class amphibia Background is?

• 360 million years ago, fins of some bony fish changed into limbs over time

• Known as tetrapods ( modern day reptiles amphibians, birds, and mammals )

• first limbs are modified fins but over time became specialized into various legs, wings, and arms

• Spent some of life in water and on land

Amphibians class amphibia order ?

• Order Anura which includes frogs and toads

• Order Urodela which includes salamanders

• Order Gymnosophiona which includes caecillians

• majority breathe threw lungs and through moist skin

Reptiles Class Reptilia Background ?

• first members appeared 300 million years ago first found in dinosaurs

• body scales prevent dehydration and makes them waterproof

• lungs for gas exchange

• has shelled eggs

• internal fertilization

• and the incubation temperature determines sex

What orders are class reptilia in ?

• Order squamata - lizards and snakes

• order testudiens - turtles

• Order Crocodilia - crocodilians

Birds Class Aves background ?

• related to atleast 1 group of dinosaurs that were small and had feather wings

• Highly modified reptiles have scales on their legs

• Birds are ectothermic like reptiles and have a 4 chambered heart

Mammals class Mammalia are?

• Most distinct feature being mammary glands in females ( how it produces milk to nourish the young)

• Hair allows for insulation and camouflage waterproofing and communication

• Specialized hairs can be used as defense porcupine and hedgehog quills and sensory detection ( eye lashes)

• some species have reduced hair like (naked mole rat, elephants, marine mammals, humans)

• Endothermic 4 chambered heart highly developed brains.

what are Mammals Group Monotremes?

• Egg Laying mammals

• Only 2 species - Duck-billed platypus and echidna

• Found in Australia and new guinea

what are mammals group marsupials ?

• Pouched mammals

• Short gestation periods ( 12-38 days )

• Mostly in Australia

• Koala bears and kangaroos

• in North America the marsupial is the opossum

what is placental Mammals?

• Has a placenta (organ that joins the baby to the mothers uterus and allows nutrition to transfer)

• Great diversity in species and structures

• Includes bears, dogs, cats, bats, whales, primates, and Humans.