Cytology MCQs

Receptor mediated endocytosis is the process of accepting substances, after recognizing them and linking them to their specific membrane receptors.

YES NO

YES

The clathrin protein participates in the coated vesicles.

YES NO

YES

Exocytosis is the process of releasing secretory granules through the cell membrane.

YES NO

YES

Glycocalix is a glycoprotein coat located on top of the plasmalemma and attached to it.

YES NO

YES

Cytoplasmic inclusions are obligatory (general) cell organelles.

YES NO

NO

Cell matrix (cytosol) is a light microscopy concept designated to the part of the cytoplasm that is not occupied by any structures.

YES NO

NO

Mitochondria observed under light microscope appear as tender granules or filaments.

YES NO

NO

Nissl bodies (substance) are a light microscopic image of the rough (granular) endoplasmic reticulum.

YES NO

YES

Each cilium is built of microtubules following the 9x3+0 formula

YES NO

NO

The coated vesicles participate in the intracellular transport processes. YES NO

YES

Golgi apparatus can be observed only by light microscope.YES NO

NO

Euchromatin is the active form of the chromatin in the nucleus. YES NO

YES

Microtubules are elements of the cytoskeleton.YES NO

YES

Cell (plasma) membrane consists of:

a/ lipid bilayer and integral proteins

b/ lipid bilayer, integral proteins, polysaccharides

c/ lipid bilayer and protein bilayer

d/ lipid monolayer and integral proteins

a

The pinocytosis is:

a/ uptake by the cells of fluid material

b/ extrusion of material to the exterior

c/transport of molecules through the plasmalemma with structural changes in it

d/ transport of molecules through the plasmalemma using enzymes

a

By which of the following contacts the intercellular space disappears:

a/ "zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)

b/tight junction (zonula occludens)

c/ desmosome (macula adherens)

d/ gap junction (nexus)

b

The conexones are structural components of:

a/ "zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)

b/ tight junction (zonula occludens)

c/ desmosome (macula adherens)

d/ gap junction (nexus)

d

Golgi apparatus is stained with:

a/ iron-hematoxylin

b/ Feulgen reaction

c/ silver nitrate (AgNO3)

d/ hematoxylin-eosin

c

Formation of new mitochondria is associated with:

a/ modification of Golgi apparatus cisternae

b/ their own budding or simple division

c/ modification of rough-surfaced (granular) endoplasmic reticulum

d/ fusion of lysosomes

b

Which of the following processes is concerned with the rough-surfaced (granular) endoplasmic reticulum:

a/ protein synthesis

b/ glycogen formation

c/ lipid synthesis

d/ carbohydrate metabolism

a

The coated vesicles participate in:

a/ intracellular digestion

b/ lipid synthesis

c/ intracellular transport processes

d/ protein synthesis

c

The lysosomes consist of:

a/ single membrane and phosphorylating enzymes

b/ single membrane and hydrolytic enzymes

c/ double infolded membrane

d/ microtubules

b

The microtubules are components of:

a/ nucleus

b/ cytoskeleton

c/ cell (plasma) membrane

d/ nuclear envelope

b

The sex chromatin (Barr body) is seen in:

a/ male somatic cells

b/ female somatic cells

c/ male germ cells

d/ female germ cells

b

Feulgen reaction (technique) is used for visualization of:

a/ RNA

b/ DNA

c/ proteins

d/ polysaccharides

b

The histone proteins (histones) take part in:

a/ formation of DNA molecule

b/ formation of the karyoplasm

c/ formation of the nuclear pores

d/ formation of the ribosomes

a

The interphase nucleus of young, functional activity cells is:

a/ pyknotic

b/ large, pale stained with prominent nucleolus

c/ with extremely dense heterochromatin

d/ fragmented

b

At metaphase the chromosomes:

a/ move to the center of the cell in relation to the spindle fibers

b/ move to the opposite poles of the cell

c/ are free dispersed in the cell

d/ are attached to inner surface of nuclear envelope

a

Mitotic spindle fibers consist of:

a/ microtubules

b/ microfilaments

c/ myofilaments

d/ neurofibrils

a

The lipids are visualized using:

a/ iron hematoxylin

b/ Sudan III

c/ PAS reaction

d/ hematoxylin - eosin

b

The karyorexis is:

a/ fragmentation of the nucleus

b/ melting of the nucleus

c/ disappearance of the nucleolus

d/ extrusion of the nucleus

a

The apocrine secretion is associated with:

a/ loss of the apical portion of the cell cytoplasm

b/ the entire cell is secreted

c/ without the loss of any cell cytoplasm

d/ loss of the basal portion of the cell cytoplasm

a

The apoptosis is:

a/ programmed cell death

b/ cell death under pathological conditions

c/ cell differentiation

d/ cell division

a

The fibers of the division spindle are:

a/ microtubules

b/ microfibrils

c/ neurofibrils

d/ neurotubules

a

The nucleolus is:

a/ related to the formation of the subunits of the ribosomes

b/ limited by a membrane

c/ associated to the inner nuclear membrane

d/ visible in the mitotic nucleus

a

The enzyme acid phosphatase is characteristic for:

a/ mitochondria

b/ rough endopasmic reticulum (rER)

c/ lysosomes

d/ ribosomes

c

(more than one correct ans)

The integral proteins of the plasma membrane interact with:

a/ peripheral proteins

b/ components of the cytoskeleton

c/ lysosomes

d/ nucleolus

e/ endoplasmic reticulum

a b

The glycocalix:

a/ is a polysaccharide layer

b/ takes part in the cell adhesion

c/ takes part in the cell cooperation

d/ contains protein and ion channels

e/ takes part in the ATP synthesis

a b c

The types of adherent junctions are:

a/ desmosomes (macula adherens)

b/ hemi-desmosome

c/ nexus

d/ zonula adherens

e/ "zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)

a b d

The nexus is:

a/ built of connexones

b/ cell organelle

c/ occluding junction (tight junction)

d/ consisting of protein channels for transport of small molecules and ions between the cells

e/ enzyme

a d

The basophilia of the cell cytoplasm is due to:

a/ presence of abundant smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum

b/ presence of abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum

c/ numerous mitochondria

d/ numerous ribosomes

e/ presence of abundant lipid droplets

b d

The nuclear pores:

a/ are localized to the inner nuclear membrane

b/ the function is selective transport of substances across the nuclear envelope

c/ are built of connexones

d/ are formed at sites where the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are

joined

e/ are localized to the outer nuclear membrane

b c

The nucleolus is:

a/ a general cell organelle

b/ built of parts of the chromosomes No; 13, 14, 15, 21 n 22

c/ place where the ribosomes are formed

d/ component of the nucleus

e/ bounded by a membrane

b c d

The main functions of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are:

a/ formation of the secretory granules

b/ add carbohydrates to the proteins (formation of glycoproteins)

c/ synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones

d/ synthesis of glycogen and mucus

e/ intracellular transport

c d e

The term dyctyosome describes:

a/ component of Golgi complex

b/ component of centrioles

c/ flattened cisternae with outer forming and inner secreting surfaces

d/ releasing of secretory granules form the inner suface

e/ releasing of secretory granules form the outer suface

a c e

Which of the following features are specific for the mitochondria:

a/ posses own genetic apparatus

b/ formation of new mitochondria is through their own budding or simple division

c/ take part in the ATP synthesis

d/ take part in the polysaccharide synthesis

e/ are component of the cytoskeleton

a b c

Which of the following features are common for the mitochondria and peroxisomes

a/ are bounded by a double membrane

b/ contain matrix with numerous enzymes

c/ take part in the biosynthesis of fatty acids

d/are general membrane cell organelles

e/ posses own genetic apparatus

b d

Which of the following features are specific for the lysosomes:

a/ take part in the steroid synthesis

b/ take part in the intracellular digestion

c/ contain hydrolytic enzymes

d/ are related to processes of cell aging and death

e/ contain phosphorylating enzymes

b c d

Which of the following features are specific for the peroxisomes:

a/ take part in the steroid synthesis

b/ take part in the intracellular digestion

c/ contain oxidative enzymes

d/ contain matrix with crystalloid

e/ contain phosphorylating enzymes

c d

Which of the following features are specific for the microtubules:

a/ sustain the cell shape

b/ are built from the protein actin

c/ take part in the intracellular transport of molecules and organelles

d/ ensure mobility of the microvilli

e/ participate in the formation of spindle fibers during the mitosis

a c e

The mitochondria are visualized using:

a/ iron-hematoxylin

b/ methylene blue

c/ acid fucsin by Altmann's method

d/ hematoxylin-eosin

e/ impregnation technique

a c

Typical for the nuclear membrane (envelope) is:

a/ made of one layer (membrane)

b/ double layered

c/ continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

d/ ribosomes on the inner layer (membrane)

e/ nuclear pores

b c e

Based on their function the plasma membrane proteins are classificated: 5

a/ receptors

b/ transport

c/ Connecting

d/enzymes

e/ transductive

The types of cell junction (intercellular contacts) are: 4

a/ "zipper" interlocking

b/ tight junction (Zonula Occludens)

c/ desmosomes (Zonula adherens and macula adherens)

d/ gap junction (nexus)

Electron microscopy shows that the nucleolus consists of following parts: 2

a/ granular Part

b/ fibrous part

The main changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm during the prophase are:4

a/ disintegration of the nuclear envelope

b/ disintegration of the nucleolus

c/ chromosomes become condensed and visible

d/ formation of the mitotic spindle fibers

The general membrane cell organelles are: 6

a/ endoplasmic reticulum

b/Golgi apparatus

c/ Mitochondria

d/ lysosomes

e/ Peroxisomes

f/ coated vesicles

Electron microscopy reveals that the Golgi complex consists mainly of:

3

a/ cisternae

b/ microvesicles

c/ vacuoles

The main components of the cytoskeleton are: 2

a/Microtubules

b/Microfilament

The cell inclusions are: 4

a/ glycogen granules

b/ lipid droplets

c/ pigments

d/ Crystals

The light microscopic changes in the ageing cell are: 3

a/ pyknosis

b/ karyorexis

c/ karyolysis

The types of exocrine secretion are: 3

a/ merocrine

b/ apocrine

c/ holocrine

The specialized organelles are: 3+

myofibrils, tonofibrils, neurofibrils, secretory granules, cilia, flagella,

By light microscopic observation of section of spinal ganglion stained with AgNO3 (silver impregnation) a reticular network situated near the nucleus is visible.

What is this organelle?

Golgi apparatus

Electron microscopy reveals a shallow bowl- like complex consisting of parallel arranged

cisternae (flattened plates) with associated vesicles and vacuoles. What is this organelle?

Golgi complex

By electron microscopy, a pair of cylindrical structures localized at right angle to each other is observed. In transverse section, their wall is composed of nine sets of three peripherally placed microtubules.

What is this organelle?

Centrioles (cytocentre)

Under light microscope, in the cytoplasm of cells stained with Sudan III- hematoxylin

colored in orange droplets surrounding blue nuclei are seen.What is the name of the described structures?

Lipid inclusions

During the mitosis the chromosomes are localized in the opposite poles of the spindle fibers and form a specific figure.

Which phase of mitosis is this and what is the name of the figure?

Anaphase, diaster figure (double star)

With electron microscope cylindrical structures made of 9x2+2 microtubules can be seen.

What is this organelle?

cilia

With electron microscope an oval structure made of two membranes with cristae of the

inner membrane can be seen.What are these structures?

mitochondria