Computer Fundamentals (Final Term)

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#include

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74 Terms

1

#include

Instructs the C preprocessor to find the text file “stdio.h” or the standard input and output.

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2

Comments (/* */)

May span any number of lines

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3

Main

The most important. It defines the point at which your program starts to execute.

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4

“{“

Means begin in Braces

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5

“}”

Means end in Braces

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6

“//”

A comment that only spans 1 line

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7

Printf

Standard way of producing output.

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8

“\n”

How C handles new lines. or “Enter”

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9

Return

Causes the value to be passed back to the operating stem.

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10

Return 0;

Means that the code is successful.

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11

Return 1:

Means that the code failed.

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12

True

Statements in the body are ended with semicolons “;”

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13

True

Indention is ignored by the compiler (but it is important in programming)

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14

True

C is case sensitive

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15

True

Strings are placed in double quotes (“ “)

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16

\t

Means tab or space

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17

Data Type

Indicates the type of data that can be represented in the value of the data element.

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18

int: integer

A whole number

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19

float: floating point value

A number with a fractional part

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20

double

A double-precision floating point value.

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21

char (enclosed in ‘ ‘)

A single character

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22

void

Valueless special purpose type

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23

%d

int: integer

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24

%f

float: floating point value

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25

%lf

double

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26

%c

char

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27

%s

void

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28

True

Local Variables must be declared after the “{“

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29

True

Global Variables must be declared after the directives

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30

True

Valid characters are letters, digits, and “__”

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31

True

First character cannot be a digit

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32

True

There are 31 character for local variables

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33

True

There are 6 global variables

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34

True

Name must relevant to its value

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35

Constant

Retains a constant value throughout the execution of the program

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36

Scanf

Gets an input value from the user

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37

True

double r;

const double pi = 3.14159;

double a;

printf("\nEnter Radius Value:\t");

scanf("%lf", &r);

without the “&” the value will retain the generated random number during the declaration.

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38

Operators

Used to perform operations on variables and values

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39

Arithmetic Operators

Used to perform common mathematical operations

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40

+

Addition

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-

Subtraction

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42

*

Multiplication

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43

/

Division

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44

%

Modulus

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45

++

Increment

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--

Decrement

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Increment

Increases the value of an operand by 1

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Decrement

Decreases the value of an operand by 1

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49

Unary Operators

Only operates on a single operand

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50

Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables

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51

Comparison Operators

Compare two values (or variables)

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52

Comparison Operators

Helps to find answers and make decisions

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53

Comparison Operators

Return Value is either 1 for true and 0 for false. These are also known as “Booelan Values

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54

==

Equal to

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55

!=

Not equal to

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56

>

Greater than

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<

Less than

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>=

Greater than or Equal to

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59

<=

Less than or equal to

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60

Logical Operators

Can test true or false. Used to determine the logic between variables/values

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61

&&

Logical and — returns true if both are true

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62

||

Logical or — returns true if one is true

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63

!

Logical not — reverse, returns false is result is true

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64

Operator Precedence

Determines the grouping of terms in an expression and decide how an expression is evaluated

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65

<math.h>

Contains methods for performing mathematical operations

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66

ceil (number)

Rounds up the given number

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67

floor (number)

Rounds down the given number

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68

sqrt (number)

Returns the square of the given number

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69

pow (base, exponent)

Returns the power of the given number

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70

abs (number)

Returns the absolute value of the given number

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71

Type Casting

Converting one datatype into another

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72

Implicit Type Casting

Converts the datatype to any variable without using the actual value.

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73

Explicit Type Casting

Force the conversion between data types.

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74

Advantages of Type Casting

  • makes the program very lightweight

  • type representation and hierarchies

  • helps programmers to convert one data type to another type

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