upcat science

Science

a body of knowledge based on the study of nature

Physical Science

the study of matter, energy, and the changes they undergo

Physics

The study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two through forces and motion.

Chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Astronomy

The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space

Earth Science

the science that focuses on planet Earth and its place in the universe

Geology

the study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth

Oceanography

the scientific study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena

Paleontology

a science dealing with prehistoric life through the study of fossils

Life Science

A term that encompasses all scientific pursuits related to living organisms

Botany

the scientific study of plants

Zoology

the scientific study of animals

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity

Medicine

an institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness

Scientific Method

a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

Identify and clearly state the problem

Questions arise form something observed as unusual;

Gather information relevant to the problem

This is done by recalling past experiences concerning the problem, interviewing people who are knowledgeable of the problem, researching in libraries and research centers.

Formulate a hypothesis

Based from the information or date gathered, an 'educated guess' can be made.

Test the hypothesis

Carrying out experiments

Draw a generalization or conclusion

Make a conclusion from the given study

Apply the principle to other situations

You can use these study in other studies

Controlled experiment

manipulates one or more of the factors being tested

Trials

the number of times an experiment is repeated

Controls

factors that are kept constant throughout the experiment

Variables

factors that can change during an experiment

Independent or experiemental

factors that are changed

Dependent variable

factors that change as a result of changes in the independent variable.

Tables

easy to read organized presentations

Graphs

really show patterns of data

Line Graph

proper to use when comparing two continuously changing variable

Bar Graph

appropriate to use when comparing a changing variable with an unchanging value

Conclusion

A statement that tells what an investigation showed, based on observations and data through the experiment.

Law

a statement which describes what happened but does not explain of the occurence.

Theory

hypothesis that can be explained from observation.

Scientific Traits

traits that a researcher must have

Curiousity

keen observation of things and events in the surroundings.

Logic and System

the use of step

Open

mindness

Intellectually honest

acknowledging contribution of others to one's success.

Hard Work and Perseverance

be persevere on the study

Subjective

using hard evidences to prove ones theory

Creativity and Critical Thinking

Being Creative and think out of the box on a study

Technology

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

Machines

include tools, gadgets, or devices that help us to do our activities faster and better.

Products

materials produced or made through artificial or natural means

Proccesses

The action part of the system. This is when the system accomplishes its intended purpose.

Measurement

process of comparing a quantity with a chosen standard.

International System

legal enforced measurement in all parts of the world

Meters

Basic unit for length in the metric system

Kilogram

Basic unit of mass in the metric system

Seconds

Basic unit of time in the metric system

Amperes

Basic unit of electrical current in the metric system

Kelvin

Basic unit of temperature in the metric system

Moles

Basic Unit of Amount of Subtance in the metric system

Candelas

Basic unit of light in the metric system

Unit Factor Method

a method for converting one system of units to another (also called dimensional analysis)

Metric Prefixes

Symbols that come before an SI Unit of measurement to indicate a base 10 multiple

Giga(G)

10^9

Mega(M)

10^6

Kilo (k)

10^3

Hecto(h)

10^2

Deka(da)

10^1

Deci(d)

10^

Centi(c)

10^

Milli(m)

10^

micro(µ)

10^

nano(n)

10^

pico (p)

10^

femto

10^

Temperature

A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
Measured by Kelvin, Celsius, or Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit

A temperature scale with the freezing point of water 32 degrees and the boiling point of 212 degrees

F = 9/5C + 32

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Celsius

Metric unit for measuring temperature; On this scale water freezes at zero and boils at 100.

C = 5/9 (F

32)

Anders Celsius

Swedish astronomer who devised the centigrade thermometer (1701

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

He was a Dutch, German, and Polish physicist, engineer,and a glass blower who is best known for inventing the alcohol thermometer and the mercury thermometer and for inventing a Temp. Scale that is named after him. He also created the first closed thermometer.

Kelvin scale

the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273 K and the boiling point is 373 K; 0 K is absolute zero

William Thomson

Belfast

K=C+273.15

Celsius to Kelvin

Volume

Amount of space occupied by an object

Volume of a Regular Solid

having the length, width, and height each can be measured by a straight line

cubic meter (cm^3)

Basic Unit of Volume in the metric system.

Volume of a Liquid

The number of cubic units it takes to fill a figure.

Liters(L)

Basic Unit of Volume of a Liquid in the metric system

1 cubic decimeter = ____ liters

1 liter

1 cubic centimeters = ____ milliliter

1 milliliter

volume of irregular solid

Dimension which can't be measured by a straight line.

Density

the mass of an object per unit volume

1 g/cc

density of water

D = m/v

Formula for density

<1g/cc

sink on the water

1g/cc

float on the water

Force

A push or pull exerted on an object

Gravitational Force

an attractive force that acts between any two masses

Inertia

the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion

Friction

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact

Centripetal Force

a force that acts on a body moving in a circular path and is directed toward the center around which the body is moving.

Force of Gravity

The only downward force acting on a free falling object is gravity and it causes objects to accelerate at a force of 9.86 m/s2

Nuclear Force

the interaction that binds protons and neutrons, protons and protons, and neutrons and neutrons together in a nucleus

Electromagnetic Force

a force associated with charged particles, which has two aspects, electric force and magnetic force