Study phases

Interphase

The cell copies its DNA, grows, and prepares for cell division

• Gap 1(G,) Stage: Growing phase of new cell, longest stage, carries out normal functions

• Synthesis (S) Stage: Makes copy of DNA (from 46 chromosomes to 92 chromosomes in humans)

• Cap 2 (G) Stage: More growth, carries out normal functions

-These first three sieges make up Interphase

Prophase

• Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear

• Chromatin condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids attached at the centromere

• Centrioles migrate to opposite poles in the cell

• Spindle fibers form from the centrioles

Metaphase

• Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

• Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes near the centromere.

Anaphase

• Spindle fibers shorten pulling chromatids apart

• Sister chromatids separate at the centromere

• Chromosomes move away from each other to opposite poles.

Telophase

• Nuclear membrane & nucleolus reform

• Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin

• Spindle fibers fall apart

• Cytokinesis occurs:

• Cell pinches in half at the cleavage furrow in animal cells or forms a cell plate in plant cells

• Two new daughter cells are equal in size

• Each cell has same set of chromosomes (46 in humans)

— they are identical to each other and to the mother cell!