Probability and Statistics

Statistics

Systematic studying of the process of collecting organizing, presenting, summarizing and interpreting data as well as methods of making inferences and drawing meaningful conclusion

Collection

Refers to the gathering of information or data needed for analysis

Organization and Presentation

Includes arranging and summarizing data in textual, graphical or tabular forms for easier understanding

Analysis

Describing and examining the data wing appropriate statistical methods and procedures

Interpretation

The process of drawing conclusions and making decisions based on the analyzed data

Descriptive Statistics

Methods of organizing, summarizing and presenting data in
in an informative way

Inferential Statistics

Involves drawing conclusion or making predictions about a population based in a sample data

Variable

Any characteristic, attribute or property that can take on different values associated with the population being studied

Descriptive Statistic, Inferential Statistic

Division of Statistics

Quantitative Variable, Qualitative Variable

Major Types of Variables

Quantitative Variable

Represent numerical measurements

Qualitative Variable

Describe qualities or categories rather than numbers, cannot be measured in exact numerical terms

Discrete, Continuous

Subtypes of Quantitative Variable

Discrete

Countable numbers (no decimal)

Continuous

Measurable values that can include decimals

Nominal Scale, Ordinal Scale, Interval Scale, Ratio Scale

Variables According to Scale of Measurement

Nominal Scale

Numbers assigned only represent categories, not magnitude

Ordinal Scale

This is the pr property defined by an operation whereby members of a particular group are ranked

Interval Scale

Data are ordered, and differences between values are meaningful. However, there is no true zero point (zero “none")

Ratio Scale

This is an extensive interval scale because it includes a true zero