midterm SCIENCE

Quantitative observations

An observation that involves numbers and units (think QUAN is QUANtity)

Scientific method

A systematic approach to scientific inquiry and problem solving

Control group

The group in the experiment that does not receive the treatment

Constant variable

Factors kept the same throughout an experiment

Qualitative observations

An observation based on qualities or characteristics (think QUAL as in QUALities

Line graph is used to show…

Change over time

Bar graph is used to…

Compare things between different groups

Scatter plot is used to show…

The relationship between two different variables

Pie chart is used to show…

Parts of a whole (think percent)

On the chart where does the independent and dependent variables go?

Y=dependent

X=independent

Energy left over from the beginning of the universe

CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation

The process that powers stars by combining hydrogen into helium

Nuclear fusion

Light that appears stretched, indicating an object is moving away

Red-shifted light

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

Forces

Causes an object to undergo a change in speed, direction, or shape

Energy

Capacity to do work or produce change

Law of conservation of mass/energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

Covalent bonding

• share electrons

• Nonmetals

• Has lines connecting bonds

Ionic bonding

• b/t metal and nonmetal

• Anions and cations

• Has arrows connecting the bonds

Strong nuclear force (SNF)

• strongest force

• Affects quarks, protons, neutrons

• Without it, atoms wouldn't exist

• Holds the nuclei together

Electromagnetic force (EMF)

• 2nd strongest

• Affects any material with positive or negative charge

• Main purpose is to control the interactions b/t charged particles

Weak nuclear force (WNF)

• 2nd weakest

• Affects quarks

• Transforms quarks, nuclear fusion, beta decay

• Changes one type of particle into another

Gravitational Force (GMF)

• weakest

• Affects all bodies of matter and energy

• Pulls objects toward each other, shapes all large matter