Motor Development test 1 chapters 1-4

Motor Development

Changes in movement behavior that are continuous, age-related, and sequential.

Motor Learning

Relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience.

Motor Control

The neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement.

Physical Growth

Quantitative increase in size or body mass.

Physical Maturation

Qualitative advance in biological makeup; advancement at the level of cells, organs, or systems.

Aging

The process occurring with passage of time, leading to loss of adaptability or full function and eventually death.

Motor Development Characteristics

Motor development is embodied, embedded, enculturated, and enabling.

Constraints in Motor Development

Factors that discourage or limit certain movements while encouraging others.

Individual Constraints

Unique physical and mental characteristics that can affect motor development.

Environmental Constraints

External properties of the environment that influence movement.

Task Constraints

Specific requirements or goals associated with a task that influence performance.

Developmental Trajectories

Curves plotted over time showing the change in behavior or skills.

Maturational Perspective

A theory that motor development is driven primarily by the maturation of systems.

Information Processing Perspective

A view where motor development is driven by external processes, likening the brain to a computer.

Ecological Perspective

Development driven by the interplay of individual, environment, and task, emphasizing multiple systems.

Dynamical Systems

Theory proposing that body systems spontaneously self-organize and interact with environmental and task demands.

Affordance

The function an environmental object provides to an individual based on intrinsic dimensions.

Newton’s First Law

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.

Inertia

Resistance to motion, which is related to mass.

Newton’s Second Law

An object's force is related to mass and acceleration, expressed as F = m × a.

Stability

The ability to resist movement.

Balance

The ability to maintain equilibrium.

Spontaneous Movements

Movements not caused by known external stimuli that serve as building blocks for later voluntary movements.

Infant Reflexes

Stereotypical responses elicited by specific external stimuli during infancy.

Rate Limiters

Individual constraints that inhibit or slow the attainment of a motor skill.