Early Cells + Phylogenetic Trees

Function of Nucleus

Cell control center that houses nucleic acids

Function of Lysosomes

Recycle cell components, break down cell components

Functions of Ribosomes

Translate mRNA into proteins

Function of Smooth ER

Lipid and steroid production, metabolizes toxins

Function of Vacuoles

Nutrient, waste product & pigment storage

Function of Mitochondria 

Location of cellular respiration, obtain energy from glucose

Function of Golgi Complex

Sorts, modifies, and packages protein + lipids for transport in the cell

Function of Chloroplast

Converts light energy to chemical energy, produces oxygen

Function of Rough ER

Site of synthesizing and processing proteins

Structure of Nucleus

Porous membrane continuous with the plastic membrane

Structure of Lysosomes

Membrane bound vesicles, has digestive enzymes

Structure of Ribosomes

Free floating or on Rough ER, made of rRNA and protein

Structure of Smooth ER

Membranous network lacking surface ribsomes

Structure of Vacuoles

Sac-like organelle that’s large in plant cells

Structure of Rough ER

Membranous network with surface ribosomes

Structure of Mitochondria

Double membrane; highly folded inner membrane, has its own DNA

Structure of Golgi Complex

Membrane bound sacs, vesicles bud off from

Structure of Chloroplasts

Double membrane; contains thylakoids for photosynthesis and has its own DNA, has chlorophyll

Endosymbiosis

Mitochondria/chloroplasts were independent but formed a mutualistic relationship w/ other cell

What is mitochondria related to in modern day?

Purple bacteria

What is chloroplasts related to in modern day?

cyanobacteria

What is some evidence of endosymbiosis?

Circular DNA, divide by binary fission, double membranes, ribosomes, same size as prokaryotes

What is an outgroup?

least in common with organisms on a tree, largest genetic difference

If a wall is present in a eukaryote and its a plant what is it made of?

Cellulose

If a wall is present in a eukaryote and its a fungi what is it made of?

chitin

If a wall is present in a prokaryote, what is it made of?

peptidoglycan

What are similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (all three)

DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane made of phospholipid bilayer

What organisms are eukaryotic?

Animals, protistas, plants, fungi

What organisms are prokaryotic?

Bacteria and archaebacteria