abdo gen study notes theory 2

Abdominal Trauma

Involves injuries to the abdominal region, often resulting from blunt or penetrating forces.

Delayed Resuscitation

A critical factor that can lead to increased mortality in abdominal trauma patients.

Kehr’s Sign

Pain in the shoulder due to splenic rupture.

Murphy’s Sign

Pain in the right upper quadrant indicative of cholecystitis.

Turner’s Sign

Grey coloring of the flank region associated with acute pancreatitis.

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum often caused by spillage from hollow organ injuries.

Hypovolemic Shock

A condition resulting from significant blood loss leading to inadequate circulation.

Zipper-related Injuries

Injuries to male genitalia commonly associated with accidents involving zippers.

Sexual Assault

Any sexual contact without consent, recognized as a legal issue rather than purely medical.

Evisceration Protocol

A management step that involves covering the exposed bowel without attempting to replace it.

Pelvic Fracture Care

Management tactics focusing on stabilization to avoid further injury.

Abdominal Trauma

Involves injuries to the abdominal region, which can result from a variety of mechanisms including blunt force (e.g., car accidents) or penetrating injuries (e.g., stab wounds). It can lead to serious complications such as organ damage and internal bleeding.

Delayed Resuscitation

Refers to the postponement of fluid and blood replacement during trauma care, which can contribute to a high mortality rate in patients with abdominal trauma due to the body's inability to maintain adequate circulation and blood pressure.

Kehr’s Sign

A clinical symptom characterized by referred pain in the left shoulder (or neck) associated with splenic rupture. This occurs due to irritation of the diaphragm, which shares nerve pathways with the shoulder.

Murphy’s Sign

A physical exam finding where a patient experiences pain in the right upper quadrant upon inhalation when the examiner palpates the area, suggestive of cholecystitis, usually due to gallbladder inflammation.

Turner’s Sign

The presence of bruising or grey discoloration around the flanks, indicating potential retroperitoneal bleeding associated with acute pancreatitis or abdominal trauma.

Peritonitis

An inflammation of the peritoneum, often resulting from bacterial infection following the spillage of intestinal contents due to hollow organ injuries, leading to severe abdominal pain and systemic illness.

Hypovolemic Shock

A critical condition arising from significant blood loss leading to insufficient blood volume for the heart to pump effectively, resulting in decreased organ perfusion and potential organ failure.

Zipper-related Injuries

Injuries to the male genitalia that occur during accidents with zippers, often resulting in lacerations that require careful evaluation and management.

Sexual Assault

Any act of sexual contact or penetration that occurs without consent, considered both a legal issue and a critical area of medical and psychological care.

Evisceration Protocol

Management steps used when viscera (internal organs) protrude through a wound. The protocol emphasizes covering the exposed bowel with a sterile dressing and avoiding attempts to replace it to prevent further damage or contamination.

Pelvic Fracture Care

A set of management strategies aimed at stabilizing pelvic fractures to minimize the risk of further injury, especially to surrounding organs and blood vessels, and to maintain hemodynamic stability.

Management of Male Genitalia Injuries

Refers to the treatment protocols and surgical interventions aimed at repairing injuries to male genitalia, ensuring proper healing, and preventing complications such as infection or erectile dysfunction.

Female Genitalia Injuries

Injuries that can occur due to trauma, often involving lacerations or bruising in the vaginal, vulvar, or cervical areas. Prompt assessment and management are crucial to prevent complications and promote healing.

Management of Abdominal Trauma

A comprehensive approach involving assessment, stabilization, imaging, surgical intervention if necessary, and supportive care to address the various injuries sustained in abdominal trauma.

Laceration Injuries

Cuts or tears in the skin of the male genitalia, often caused by accidents or trauma.

Penile Fracture

A traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea, often resulting from sudden force applied to an erect penis.

Testicular Torsion

A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle, often requiring surgery.

Ruptured Testicle

A severe injury resulting in the tearing of the testicle, often due to blunt force trauma.

Fournier's Gangrene

A life-threatening necrotizing soft tissue infection that affects the genital area, requiring urgent medical intervention.

Hematoma

A localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, often resulting from trauma to the genital area.

Avulsion Injuries

Injuries where tissue is forcibly detached from the body, often requiring surgical repair.