endocrine system quiz 1 review

Chemical class of hormones that are derived from cholesterol is called…

Steroid hormones

Endocrine glands

Ductless, release product directly in bloodstream, insulin and glucagon

Amino-acid based hormones (water soluble hormones)

Cannot cross the plasma membrane and coupled to second messengers

Steroids (lipid-soluble hormones)

Can cross the plasma membrane and are synthesized from cholesterol

Target cells have…

Specific receptors for a specific hormone

Second messengers

Relay messengers that transmit signals from surface receptors to internal targets to create a response

Blood glucose levels are directly related to…

The pancreas

Blood glucose levels rise…

The pancreas releases hormones

Lipid soluble hormones have a hormone-receptor complex that acts as

Vasopressin

Responsible for the osmolarity of the blood

Inactive forms of the thyroid hormone is known as

Thyroxine

Glucagon

Raises blood glucose levels(sugar) in the pancreas when they drop too low

Glucose

Body’s main sugar and primary energy source

Glycogen

The body’s primary way to store glucose (sugar) for quick energy

Insulin

Produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels by allowing cells to take in glucose for energy or storage

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar (glucose) occurring when the body has too little insulin or cannot use it properly

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar (glucose)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) impact on blood

Decreases pH levels

Hormones

Long distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body

Paracrines

Short distance chemical signals and they act within the same tissue and they affect cell types other than those that secrete them

Autocrines

Short distance chemical signals that act locally and they exert their effects on the same cell that secretes them

Amino-acid based hormones

Water soluble and cannot cross the plasma membrane

Steroid hormones

Lipid soluble, can cross the plasma membrane, and are synthesized from cholesterol

Water soluble hormones

Act on receptors in the plasma membrane

Lipid soluble hormones

Act on receptors inside cell