APUSH Themes

1491–1607: American and National Identity

Different regions among native Americans, Great Plains(hunting) West, and East

Europeans not intend to stay, just collect gold and spread religion

1491–1607: Work, Exchange, and Technology

• New Crops and goods in Europe, new tech into America

• Mostly Slave labor

1491–1607: Geography and the Environment

• Gold in LAtin America drive exploration

• Disease from Europeans kills 95% of Native ppl

1491–1607: Politics and Power

• Spanish dominated

• FRench/Dutch: trade based (furs)

• Treaties and conflucts with Natives

1491–1607: Migration and Settlement

• Humans came to America on Bering Land Bridge

• Europeans came to extract resources

1491–1607: America in the World

Competition between European powers, Native groups lead to alliances and conflicts

1491–1607: American and Regional Culture

• Blend ofn indigenous culture and European cultures

• Exploration driven by religion

1607–1754:American and National Identity

• British, French, Spanish, Dutch colonies 

• colonial based living

1607–1754: Work, Exchange, and Technology

• TRade in New England, fishing, farming, timber, furs

• South: Slavery, indenture, cash crops

1607–1754: Geography and the Environment

• Climate/Soil differences led to family farming in north, plantations in south

• Illness in marshy South, kill indetured survents

1607–1754: Migration and Settlement

• Religious dissidants from Europe cam to North

• South consist of adventurers looking for wealth

• 700k+ enslaved people

1607–1754: Politics and Power

• Locatl power development, generally democratic in North

• Southern landowners → aristocracy

1607–1754: America in the World

• Cont. comp with Natives over land

• European powers scrabble to get resources

1607–1754: American and Regional Culture

• NE life based on Puritain religion

• Racial caste system

• First GReat Awakening

1754–1800:American and National Identity

• Development of independent Nation, American Revolution

• Only white men are citizens

1754–1800: Work, Exchange, and Technology

• End of “salutory neglect” as English Crown takes more control over American goods, shipping →war

• Slavery continues to grow in South, helped by invention of cotton gin

1754–1800: Geography and the Environment

• End freely available land in East → push west, conflict b/w costal elites and backwood farmers

1754–1800: Migration and Settlement

• Continue to push western frontier

• Continue importation of Africans

1754–1800: Politics and Power

• Conflict over direct vs. virtual representation, taxes led to War

• Articles of confederation (weak)

• Constitution (strong gov’t)

• 1st party system: Hamilton v Jefferson

1754–1800: America in the World

• Emergence ofUS as independent power

• Aliiance with France help win revolution

1754–1800: American and Regional Culture

• Influence of enlightenment through revolution

• Women partake in Civ War, but not citizens

1800–1848:American and National Identity

• Sectional identity North (industry), West(agricutlureal), South(cotton and material production)

• Excuse Native Americans

1800–1848:Work, Exchange, and Technology

• Expansion of infrastructure, markets, railroads/canals, telegraph, cities

• Conflict over National bank (American System)

• Factories emerge (Lowell Mills/Girls)

• Slavery continues to grow in South

1800–1848: Geography and the Environment

• Expansion of cotton in South, expands slavery

• Manifest Destiny

• Texas Annexation

1800–1848: Migration and Settlement

• Wite american Push west

• Natives forced west → TRail of Tears

• End of initial slave trade, internal/domestic slave trade

1800–1848: Politics and Power

• Expansion of suffrage of all white men in Jacksonian Democracy

• Conflict between North and South over slavery in new territories (Missouri compromise/compromise of 1850) (Kansas-Nabraska Act)

• Democrats v Whigs (2nd political party)

1800–1848: America in the World

• War of 1812 end british presence in North America, end hope for native Americans to prevail

• Mexican War → more territory

1800–1848: American and Regional Culture

• Second Great Awakeing 

• REform mvm’t (abolition, temperance, women suffrage, prison, mental health(Dorthy and Dix)

• “Cult of domecticity” for women

1844–1877:American and National Identity

• Increased dissidence between North and South → Civil War

• The United States of America, North/Union Victory

• Reconstruction, black citizens in south legally citizens

1844–1877:Work, Exchange, and Technology

• End of slavery 1865, sharecroping system in south

• North insustrialize, win Civil War based on factory production/power

• Railroads across country

1844–1877: Geography and the Environment

• Discovery of Gold in CA → gold rush

• Large populations in North “breadbasket” states help win Civil War

1844–1877: Migration and Settlement

• “Old immigrants” from Ireland, Germany

• Westward migration from Gold Rush

• Indian  Wars / Reservations

1844–1877: Politics and Power

• Innefective pres, Compromise of 1850, fugative slave Act, popular socereignty

• Republican paryt emerges,

  • 14th amendment: citizenship

  • 15th amendment: black men allowed to vote, but not women

1844–1877: America in the World

US isolationist, Civil War

1844–1877: American and Regional Culture

• Emergange of ideological defenses of slavery and militant abolitionism

• Milenial religious mvm’t

• Nativists- hate immigrants

1865–1898:American and National Identity

• USA become major industrial power

• North and South Reunite b/c of spanish-American War

1865–1898:Work, Exchange, and Technology

• USA become leading industrial power (steel RR)

• Harsh labor conditions in factories for immigrants, 

• “Robberbarrons”- and Gilded Age

1865–1898: Geography and the Environment

• Cities are polluted, bad working conditions → illnesses

• West “conqured” with barbed wire and buffalo dead from sport

1865–1898: Migration and Settlement

• New Immigrants → SE Europe

• Manifest desiny “closing fronteir” Frederick Jackson turner

1865–1898: Politics and Power

• Citizenship  for black men end Reconstruction

• Jom Crow Laws

• Republicans in power

1865–1898: America in the World

• Indian Wars, Native Americans nearly gone

• Last Era of Ameircan isolationism

1865–1898: American and Regional Culture

Socail Darwinism- belief some ppl inherantly better than others due to evolution

1890–1945:American and National Identity

• New European immigrants face nativism, ethnic enclaves, unti end of WWII(Americans considered all “white”)

• New World Power Status, provide money and materials

• Fed Government intervention in economy

1890–1945:Work, Exchange, and Technology

• Era of production (phone electricity radio car flight)

• Laissez-faire economics → stock market crash and Great DEpression

• New Deal, WWI

• Industrialisation → postwar boom

1890–1945: Geography and the Environment

• New tech connects world, appear smaller place

• Conservation movement

• Ocean Shields from War

• Development of atomic bombs (Manhattan Project)

1890–1945: Migration and Settlement

• 1M+ immigrants arrive at US every year until first quota passed

• GReat Migration of Africans to Northern cities from the South

1890–1945: Politics and Power

• Wilson, first democrat to win power

• Women suffrage

• Segregation, disenfranchisement continue for African Americans returing from WWII

1890–1945: America in the World

• Spanish-American War

• WWI

• Isolation in 20s and 30s b/c GReat Depression

• WWII aftermath leads to interventionism

1890–1945: American and Regional Culture

• Backlash to minorities, migrants - KKK

• Flowering of America, Lost Generation, Jazz

1945–1980:American and National Identity

• Expand power of ppl and gov with Civil Rights movment

• Pro USA culture vs USSR

1945–1980:Work, Exchange, and Technology

• Major economic boom as US only country unscathed by WWII - Baby Boom

• Invention of computer

• 1970s economic recession

1945–1980: Geography and the Environment

• Industrial pollution (nuclear powerplants)

• Adress pollution isssues

• International conflict over dependence on oil fuels

1945–1980: Migration and Settlement

• Moves from cities to suburbs, era of cars

• Little immigration

• Boat ppl from vietnam

1945–1980: Politics and Power

Democrats in power until 1960s, Nixon in charge

1945–1980: America in the World

• Cold War direct US to be foreign policy

• Conatinment policy leads to Korean War

• Replaced by conflict in Middle East

1945–1980: American and Regional Culture

• Religious Era of 1950s

• Social Mvm’t (Civil Rights, Women’s rights)

• Emergence protests against Gov’t by college students

1980–Present:American and National Identity

• Increasing conservatism in gov’t

• USA wold leading Superpower

1980–Present: Work, Exchange, and Technology

• Era of Globalism, connect markets and ppl around the world

• Prominence of internet change consumption and distribution

• DEcline of Unions, stagnation of wages

1980–Present: Geography and the Environment

• Wars in Middle East led to efforts to reduce dependence on oil

• Growing movement of eco-consciousness in energy, food

1980–Present: Migration and Settlement

• Increased immigration from Latin America and Asia

• Movement south and West for jobs (Sun-belt)

1980–Present: Politics and Power

• Period of return to prominence of Republican Party and conservatism

• Shift in political power to South and West from “Sun belt” migration

1980–Present: America in the World

• USSR collapses, end of Cold War 

• US involved in Middle East b/c of cu.ture → oil embargo and crises in US (War on Terror)

• Era of globalization

1980–Present: American and Regional Culture

• “Vietnam Syndrom”

• “Culture Wars” over gender, race, family structure

• Increasing diversity