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Biological Bases of Behavior
Glia
GLUE; Structural support in Soma
Neurons
Cells that RECEIVE, INTEGRATE, and TRANSMIT Info.
Soma
Cell Body
Dendrites
Feeler-Like structures specialized to RECEIVE Info.
Axon
A long, thin fiber that transmits signals AWAY from the soma
Myelin Sheath
An INSULATING material that SPEEDS UP transmission
Terminal Button
End of the Axon, secretes neurotransmitters
Synapse
Point at which neurons interconnect
Charge a resting neuron at rest had-
NEGATIVE (-70 millivolts)
The Action Potential
Positive shift in electrical charge travels along neurons
All-or-None Law
Either a Neuron fires, or it doesn’t
Synaptic Cleft
The gap between Neurons at a Synapse
Presynaptic Neurons
The neuron SENDING a message across the Synapse
Synaptic Vesicles
Sacs for the Neurotransmitters
Post Synaptic Neuron
The Neuron RECEIVING a signal across the Synapse
Post Synaptic Potential (PSP)
Voltage change at the receptor site
Positive Voltage Shift
Excitatory PSP makes the neuron MORE LIKELY to fire
Negative Voltage Shift
INHIBITORY PSP, makes the neuron LESS LIKELY to fire
Synaptic Pruning
The ELIMINATION of old or unused synapses
Agonist
MIMICS Neurotransmitter actions
Antagonist
OPPOSES the Action of the Neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter between MOTOR FUNCTION Neurons and VOLUNTARY muscles
Monoamines
Made of ONE Amino Acid
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter for PLEASURE emotions (Parkinsons, Schizophrenia)
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter that modules MOOD and AROUSAL (Cocaine, amphet.)
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter that regulates SLEEP and WAKEFULNESS, EATING and AGRESSION (Depression and OCD)
Gaba
Neurotransmitter that are STRICTLY INHIBITORY PSPs
Endorphins
Neurotransmitters that resemble Opiates and contribute to PAIN RELIEF
Glutamate
Neurotransmitters that CREATE MEMORIES
Note
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