Joshua Hall A&P Ch. 3

cytosol

What is the cytoplasm made of?

integral

Proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane.

AKA: transmembrane

peripheral

Proteins that are anchored to either the inside or outside of the membrane.

receptor

A membrane protein that combines with and “reads” messengers from other cells like hormones.

channel

A membrane protein that is constantly open and allows solutes to pass into and out of the cell.

gated channel

A membrane protein that opens and closes. It only allows solutes through at certain times.

pseudopods

Arm structures on white blood cells that grab bacteria and bring them toward the cell to be destroyed.

Phagocytosis

The process by which a cell takes something into itself.

Ex: White blood cells engulfing bacteria.

polygonal

What is this cell shape?

stellate

What is this cell shape?

spheroidal

What is this cell shape?

discoidal

What is this cell shape?

fusiform

What is this cell shape?

fibrous

What is this cell shape?

diffusion, osmosis, carrier mediated transport

What are the three types of passive transport?

primary active transport, vesicular transport, carrier mediated transport

What are the three types of active transport?

diffusion

Passive transport where particles move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

osmosis

Diffusion of water down its concentration gradient.

aquaporins

Membrane protein that increases the speed of osmosis. (Diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.)

tonicity

The ability of a solution (like blood) to control the amount of water that goes into or out of the cell.

Ex: hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic

isotonic

Tonicity level when there is just the right amount of particles (solutes) within a cell and no water moves in or out.

hypertonic

Tonicity level when there are too many particles (solutes) with a cell and water is forced out of the cell.

hypotonic

Tonicity level when there are too few particles (solutes) within the cell and too much water moves into the cell.

carrier mediated transport

Type of active or passive transport where a membrane protein moves specific particle(s) across the membrane. Could also be considered facilitated diffusion.

uniports, symports, antiports

What are the three kinds of carriers that can perform carrier mediated transport?

uniport

Carrier mediated transporter that moves one type of molecule in one direction.

symport

Carrier mediated transporter that moves multiple types of molecules in one direction.

antiport

Carrier mediated transporter that moves multiple molecules in different directions.

primary active transport

Type of transport that uses ATP to move molecules up or against their concentration gradient. Ex: potassium pump

vesicular transport

Type of active transport that is used to move large particles or many particles in or out of the cell using vesicles.

True

Endocytosis and phagocytosis are the same thing. True or False?

Exocytosis

When a cell uses vesicles to move molecules out of the cell.