subcultural theory - crime and deviance

what is subcultural theory?

expands on functionalist ideas (strain theory) so comes under the same perspective

Explains deviance in terms of the subculture of a social group

Argues certain groups develop norms and values which are different from the majority

cohens theory?

status frustration

status frustration

• Most crimes are committed by groups of working class males

• This have a low status because they do not do well in education

• A higher status is unattainable due to cultural deprivation

  This causes status frustration

• The response is to conform to their own norms and values instead ones of mainstream middle class

• They will feel more pressure to seek respect from their peers

• Juvenile delinquency is non-utilitarian and provides instant gratification e.g. getting into fights

cloward and ohlins theory?

differential opportunity

differential opportunity

• legitimate opportunities are not accessible to everyone

• Deviance is a reaction to accessing cultural goals

• However, they also say that different people have different access to illegitimate means

  e.g

• CRIMINAL SUBCULTURES - Organised crime. Socialised into crime by experienced gang members. Material gain.

millers theory?

focal concerns

what are focal concerns?

part of lower class subculture, hold a different ideology due to low skilled, repetitive work, provides ways of living with this situation and of finding satisfaction outside of work

name the focal concerns?

• smartness

• toughness

• autonomy

• fate

• trouble

• excitement