All the need to know:

• as of 2022, India has a population of 1,417,173,173 (the 2nd most populated country in the world) (1.2 billion people)

• male : female ratio 1:08

• the life expectancy of 70.03 years

• the median age of 28.7 years

• the mean mother’s age with first born is 21.2 years

• Hindi is the primary language in India with 43.6%

• India’s population density is 473 people per km squared

  Monsoon season:

• During monsoon season, the death rate increases majorly

• 10,000 people on average are left homeless

• hundreds of people need to be rescued by aircraft

• usually, the season lasts from June to September

• outside the monsoon season, it rarely rains which means that India needs to conserve water and can’t grow food without immigration

  Population distribution:

• In southern India, there is a peripheral pattern of population distribution. People live near the coast in states such as Kerala and are clustered in large cities such as Mumbai. These areas are densely populated with around 800 people per square kilometre

• In northern India, there is a linear pattern of population distribution. This occurs along the Ganges river in states such as West Bengal and these areas are densely populated with over 1000 people per square kilometre

• India is very sparsely populated in the northwest states such as Jammu and Kashmir near the Himalayan mountains. These areas have a dispersed population distribution with less than 100 people per km square.

  Migration:

• India’s internal migration rate is 0/1000 which means that it is mainly external. It also tells us that the main factor in India’s population growth is natural increase.

• Many people in India move from rural areas to urban areas like Mumbai.

• Some push factors are bad social infrastructure, education, job opportunities, resources, accessibility or a bad climate.

• Some obstacles that people have to overcome are money, terrain, transport, family and friend ties and language.

• Some pull factors are great social infrastructure, education, job opportunities, resources, accessibility, climate, and land that is easy to develop.

• Consequences for rural areas are that older people are left behind because all the younger people move meaning that rural areas are left in a state of decline because there isn’t anyone to work the agricultural jobs.

• Consequences for urban areas are overpopulation and poverty, insufficient resources and overcrowding.

• India is the top source of international immigrants, it also has one of the world's lowest emigrant rates, India’s religious minorities are more likely to immigrate internationally

• Less than 1% of India’s population were born overseas

  Population diversity:

• India is in stage 3 of the population pyramid development

• The working age is 66%, youthful dependents 27%, old dependents 7%, and the total dependency ratio is 52.2/100

• Indo-Aryan is the major ethnicity group in India with 72%

• The biggest religious group is Hindu with 80%

  The emancipation of women:

• In India women have a lower status and are seen as subordinate to men, this is partly to do with dowries.

• Women status’s would increase by producing sons, therefore they have large families that they can’t necessarily support.

• 33% of Indians who live in urban areas live in slums and jobs here are often poorly paid too

• In India the birth rate is high because of many reasons such as; no knowledge about birth control or family planning, women marrying young, and women only gain staus by having sons, in the past many children died and they were a source of income so it was handy to have them, children were needed to support and look after the old.

• With women gaining status and becoming educated the birth rate majorly decreases. This shows that the emancipation of women is part of the development of the population pyramid. In more developed countries, the birth rates are lower because women are educated and are not focused on gaining status by producing sons but by starting their own careers.

  Population change:

• A lot of the change from stage 3 to stage 4 of the population pyramid is to do with the emancipation of women since the country gains a low death rate (due to increased medical resources and sanitation/health) and also has a very slowly reducing birth rate so the population’s average age becomes older.

• Children are looked at as a source of income and security for people so educating people and allowing the to get better-paid jobs will reduce the number of children needed and therefore the birth rate.

• Currently, India has a youthful population and it will take 3 generations before the population pyramid will change according to this, so approximately in 2050 the effects of the current population with 27% of people aged 14 and under, will be seen.

  Population sustainability:

• means balancing our consumption with our output, and looking after our resources so that future populations will be able to use them as well as maintaining a stable environment and biodiversity within the human population.

• shortages of food, public services, education for women, housing and pressure on the healthcare system can all affect the sustainability of the population.

• many of these things affect the number of people living in poverty which can easily affect pollution and healthcare and therefore death rates.