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Chapter 9 

International Migration

  • The decision to emigrate is based on whether there is something to be gained

  • Asylum migration: international movement resulting from persecution and conflict

    • Refugees: persons who have been forced to flee their country because of a real threat of persecution or death

  • Any major sociopolitical outbreak will produce refugees and internally displaced people

  • Undocumented migrants: impossible to know how many there are

  • Temporary migration: for work

  • International migrants: people who change their country of abode

  • Citizens:

    • Returning migrants: return to their own country

  • Foreigners:

    • Returning ethnics: admitted by another country and become citizens almost immediately

    • Migrants with the right to free movement

    • Foreign students

    • Foreign trainees: admitted to acquiring particular skills through on-the-job training

    • Foreign retirees: beyond retirement age but won’t become a charge to the state

    • Settlers: have the right to stay indefinitely - permanent immigrants

    • Migrant workers:

      • Seasonal

      • Project-tied

      • Contract

      • Temporary

      • Established: can reside indefinitely in the country

      • Highly skilled: have a preferential treatment

    • Economic migration:

      • Business travellers

      • Immigrating investors

    • Asylum migration

      • Refugees

      • Persons admitted for humanitarian reasons

      • Asylum seekers: file the application for asylum

      • Persons granted temporary protected status: cannot return to their home country without putting their lives in danger

      • Persons granted stay of deportation

      • Irregular migrants: have not fully satisfied the requirements to enter a country

      • Migrants for family reunification: accompanying close relatives

Theories of International Migration

  • Migration systems: ongoing patterns of migratory exchange in which some countries and regions function as core immigration magnets and others as peripheral sending areas

  • Neoclassical economics: migration decisions are driven by differences in economic opportunities between sending and receiving countries

    • New economics perspective: migration could well continue even if wage differentials between countries were eliminated

  • Network theory: as the numbers of international migrants increase, so do the number of social networks in operation, creating strong synergetic forces that promote additional migration

  • Dual labour market theory: focuses on capitalist societies’ chronic need for foreign labour

  • World systems theory: international migration is the consequence of the expansion of the capitalist economy into the developing regions of the world

Important Factors

  • Transnationalism: the new tendency to retain multiple national identities

  • Diaspora: ethnic minorities that maintain strong sentimental and material links with their countries of origin while gradually adopting a new identification with the host society

  • Transnational communities: members live between nations and may not feel much allegiance to any one nation

Chapter 9 

International Migration

  • The decision to emigrate is based on whether there is something to be gained

  • Asylum migration: international movement resulting from persecution and conflict

    • Refugees: persons who have been forced to flee their country because of a real threat of persecution or death

  • Any major sociopolitical outbreak will produce refugees and internally displaced people

  • Undocumented migrants: impossible to know how many there are

  • Temporary migration: for work

  • International migrants: people who change their country of abode

  • Citizens:

    • Returning migrants: return to their own country

  • Foreigners:

    • Returning ethnics: admitted by another country and become citizens almost immediately

    • Migrants with the right to free movement

    • Foreign students

    • Foreign trainees: admitted to acquiring particular skills through on-the-job training

    • Foreign retirees: beyond retirement age but won’t become a charge to the state

    • Settlers: have the right to stay indefinitely - permanent immigrants

    • Migrant workers:

      • Seasonal

      • Project-tied

      • Contract

      • Temporary

      • Established: can reside indefinitely in the country

      • Highly skilled: have a preferential treatment

    • Economic migration:

      • Business travellers

      • Immigrating investors

    • Asylum migration

      • Refugees

      • Persons admitted for humanitarian reasons

      • Asylum seekers: file the application for asylum

      • Persons granted temporary protected status: cannot return to their home country without putting their lives in danger

      • Persons granted stay of deportation

      • Irregular migrants: have not fully satisfied the requirements to enter a country

      • Migrants for family reunification: accompanying close relatives

Theories of International Migration

  • Migration systems: ongoing patterns of migratory exchange in which some countries and regions function as core immigration magnets and others as peripheral sending areas

  • Neoclassical economics: migration decisions are driven by differences in economic opportunities between sending and receiving countries

    • New economics perspective: migration could well continue even if wage differentials between countries were eliminated

  • Network theory: as the numbers of international migrants increase, so do the number of social networks in operation, creating strong synergetic forces that promote additional migration

  • Dual labour market theory: focuses on capitalist societies’ chronic need for foreign labour

  • World systems theory: international migration is the consequence of the expansion of the capitalist economy into the developing regions of the world

Important Factors

  • Transnationalism: the new tendency to retain multiple national identities

  • Diaspora: ethnic minorities that maintain strong sentimental and material links with their countries of origin while gradually adopting a new identification with the host society

  • Transnational communities: members live between nations and may not feel much allegiance to any one nation

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