ap world midterm

Causes of the American Revolution

• Unfair taxation
• Enlightenment
• Colonists didn’t see themselves as British

Enlightenment Ideas Used in the American Revolution

• John Locke (natural rights, consent in governed)
• Montesquieu (separation of powers)
• Rousseau (democracy and majority rules)

Key Players in the American Revolution

Thomas Jefferson

Effects of the American Revolution

• Inspired other revolutions
• Put the British in further debt

Causes of the French Revolution

• Separation of estates
• Prices rising faster than wages
• Incompetent monarchy
• Monarchy overspending

Enlightenment Ideas Used in the French Revolution

• natural rights
• consent in governed
• separation of powers
• democracy
- no cruel and unusual punishment

Key Players in the French Revolution

3rd estate

Effects of the French Revolution

• Overthrow of the king
• Creation of a democratic republic
• Ineffective gov’t leads to rise of Napoleon

Effects of the Haitian Revolution

- Economic decilne of haiti

Key Players in the Haitian Revolution

• Toussaint Louverture

Enlightenment Ideas Used in the Haitian Revolution

• Natural Rights / equal right
- abolishing slavery

Causes of the Haitian Revolution

- American revolution
- inequal rights
- Abuses of slave owners

Causes of the Latin American Revolution

• Unequal social structure (creoles, peninsulars, Indians, slaves)
- mercantilist policy's
- Cant trade with others
- differences in culture
• Inspiration from French & American Revolutions

What forces influenced political and social revolutions in this period?

The enlightenment

What were their consequences of these revolutions in both the short-term and the long-term?

Lack of knowledge on how to self-rule led to issues like being ruled by a new tyrant, economic collapse, and inevitably making little change in the unification of all social classes

Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan, hates humans

John Locke

Consent of the governed, natural rights

Baron de Montesquieu

Separation of power

Jean Jacque Rousseau

Democracy

Voltaire

Freedom of speech

What people or issues did Enlightenment thinkers ignore or overlook?

The rights of women and people of color

How did monarchs respond to the enlightenment?

Some tried to limit and control the ammount of enlightened ideas being exchanges, while some were enlightened despots and were ok with enlightenment ideas so long as their authority was not questioned

Three estates

1. the monarchy and the clergy - didn't have to pay taxes
2. the upper class - didn't have to pay taxes
3. the lower class - had to pay taxes and work for the lords

the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A statement of the natural rights that the white French men are entitled to

reign of terror

Robespierre became in charge and mass executions began

What role did women play in the French Revolution and what was the impact?

Women not only joined in the revolt but began advocating for their own rights, the result of this is the declaration of woman and citizen

Describe the social classes on Saint Domingue in the late 1700’s

1. Grand Blancs
2. Petite Blancs
3. Gens de Colour
4. Enslaved Africans

9. How were the Spanish American revolutions shaped by the American, French, and Haitian revolutions that happened earlier? Who led the Spanish American revolutions?

Latin America under the control of Europe as the others revolutions, because they saw the results of the other evolutions

Why was it apparently impossible to unite the various Spanish colonies to create a United States of Latin America?

Each of the colonies were too new, there were no concrete borders, and the cultural differences were too great

What was the purpose of Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter?

The purpose to express his ideal enlightened continent where everyone is equal and connected

Leviathan

Humas are shellfish - Thomas Hobbes

Two Treatise on Civil Government

Consent of the governed - John Locke

On Crime and Punishment

No cruel and unusual punishment - Beccaria

declaration of independence

Thomas Jefferson

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

Statement of natural rights - National assembly

vindication of the rights of women

Women's rights - Mary Wollstonecraft

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

Women's rights - Olympe de Gouge

declaration of sentiments

women's right / abuses of men - Elizabeth cady Stanton

Haitian Cahiers

Free the black people of saint Domingue - Toussaint Louverture

Letter to the French Directory

End slavery in saint Domingue - Toussaint Louverture

Jamaican Letter

Simon Bolivar - equality of the continent

What caused the Berlin Conference

-Nationalism, Darwinism, white mans burden -European competition -Africas size, resources, and location -new inventions (maxim machine gun and steam ships) -wars between ethnic groups in Africa

Effects of the Berlin conference

-it have Africa a legacy of political fragmentation -new illnesses in Africa -Africans lost control of their land -loss of traditional African leaders -new technology, education, and improved sanitation in Africa

What was the Berlin conference

A conference of 14 nations that carved up Africa into colonies for Europeans to take (no African leaders were allowed to attend)

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

-abundance of natural resources (coal and iron) -cheap labor -new technology (plow, seed drill, horse drawn cultivator) -geographic location (near Rivera and oceans) -agricultural Revolution -enlightenment ideas -no wars with Europe -end of mercantilism

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

-Pollution -poor working and living conditions -economic growth -child labor -urbanization -unions -deforestation -new technology (steam engine, factories, furnace, gas powered lights) -new social classes (Bourgeoisie and working class)

Response to Industrial Revolution

Labor unions were formed to advocate for the rights of the working class Luddites: would destroy textile machines in protest of poor working conditions Chartist movement: working class men demanded that they had the right to vote in govt. Sadler committee: investigated poor working conditions and child labor in factories/caused the factory acts Utopian socialism: Robert Owen, better treatment of workers would cause them to want to work, allowing women time off of work after they gave birth/limiting child labor/providing housing, medical care, and education

causes of italian unification

Napoleon’s rule of the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy and the French Revolution inspired nationalism on the Italian peninsula.

Causes of german unification

-Napoleonic wars → conquered and combined the territories -congress of Vienna → restoration of pre-Napoleon power -nationalism → causes Germany and Italy to revolt -French Revolution → inspired the revolt

Economic response to IR (capitalism)

Capitalism: -Adam smith -free market, free economy -economic Liberty\=economic progress -3 natural laws: 1. Law of self interest-working provides benefits Law of competition - competition makes better product 3. Law of supply and demand - when supply is high and demand is high that means economic progress -lassie-fair economics

Economic response to IR (Marxism )

Carl Marx -communist manefesto -permanent social classes -the idea that family owned businesses would be destroyed by factories and because of this people would revolt causing complete equality -social class free society -the government is in the people

African response to imperialism

-defending themselves with violence/war -attempt at unifying different tribes to fight against the Europeans -surrendering to the Europeans -diplomatically signing treaties

Why were the British interested in India

Could supply raw materials and workers

Affects of imperialism in india

-Indians had no control in their own politics or economics -loss of self sufficiency -intolerance to Indian culture -modernizations brough railroads, telephones, and telegraphs -sepoy mutiny

What caused the sepoy mutiny

-british we’re trying to convert them to Christianity -british abuse

Effect of the sepoy mutiny

-The British took direct command of India -formation of the British Raj -fueled British racism

Historical circumstances that led to china becoming a sphere of influence

The opium wars Treaty of nanjing Chinese isolationist policies Jade and porcelain is very valuable in Britain

The effects of china becoming a sphere of influence

-loss of control over trade -open door policy -china was divided -taiping rebellion -boxer rebellion

What we’re the Opium wars

Britain sent diplomats over to china to china to convince them to open trade, china said no. -Britain smuggled a drug called opium in order to trade good and tea -the Chinese got addicted to the drug -china asked britain to stop and britain said no -Lin tse-hsu destroyed opium stores and china made opium illegal to try and limit the amount that was coming in -british and China began fighting

Treaty of Nanking

-peace between britain and china -China opens trade to britain -fair tariff on trade

Japanese imperialism

-Japan shuts off trade -the US send Mathew’s perry to threaten Japan to open trade -Japan opens trade and mondernizes

What caused the Berlin Conference

-Nationalism, Darwinism, white mans burden -European competition -Africas size, resources, and location -new inventions (maxim machine gun and steam ships) -wars between ethnic groups in Africa

Effects of the Berlin conference

-it have Africa a legacy of political fragmentation -new illnesses in Africa -Africans lost control of their land -loss of traditional African leaders -new technology, education, and improved sanitation in Africa

What was the Berlin conference

A conference of 14 nations that carved up Africa into colonies for Europeans to take (no African leaders were allowed to attend)

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

-abundance of natural resources (coal and iron) -cheap labor -new technology (plow, seed drill, horse drawn cultivator) -geographic location (near Rivera and oceans) -agricultural Revolution -enlightenment ideas -no wars with Europe -end of mercantilism

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

-Pollution -poor working and living conditions -economic growth -child labor -urbanization -unions -deforestation -new technology (steam engine, factories, furnace, gas powered lights) -new social classes (Bourgeoisie and working class)

Response to Industrial Revolution

Labor unions were formed to advocate for the rights of the working class Luddites: would destroy textile machines in protest of poor working conditions Chartist movement: working class men demanded that they had the right to vote in govt. Sadler committee: investigated poor working conditions and child labor in factories/caused the factory acts Utopian socialism: Robert Owen, better treatment of workers would cause them to want to work, allowing women time off of work after they gave birth/limiting child labor/providing housing, medical care, and education

causes of italian unification

Napoleon’s rule of the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy and the French Revolution inspired nationalism on the Italian peninsula.

Causes of german unification

-Napoleonic wars → conquered and combined the territories -congress of Vienna → restoration of pre-Napoleon power -nationalism → causes Germany and Italy to revolt -French Revolution → inspired the revolt

Economic response to IR (capitalism)

Capitalism: -Adam smith -free market, free economy -economic Liberty\=economic progress -3 natural laws: 1. Law of self interest-working provides benefits Law of competition - competition makes better product 3. Law of supply and demand - when supply is high and demand is high that means economic progress -lassie-fair economics

Economic response to IR (Marxism )

Carl Marx -communist manefesto -permanent social classes -the idea that family owned businesses would be destroyed by factories and because of this people would revolt causing complete equality -social class free society -the government is in the people

African response to imperialism

-defending themselves with violence/war -attempt at unifying different tribes to fight against the Europeans -surrendering to the Europeans -diplomatically signing treaties

Why were the British interested in India

Could supply raw materials and workers

Affects of imperialism in india

-Indians had no control in their own politics or economics -loss of self sufficiency -intolerance to Indian culture -modernizations brough railroads, telephones, and telegraphs -sepoy mutiny

What caused the sepoy mutiny

-british we’re trying to convert them to Christianity -british abuse

Effect of the sepoy mutiny

-The British took direct command of India -formation of the British Raj -fueled British racism

Historical circumstances that led to china becoming a sphere of influence

The opium wars Treaty of nanjing Chinese isolationist policies Jade and porcelain is very valuable in Britain

The effects of china becoming a sphere of influence

-loss of control over trade -open door policy -china was divided -taiping rebellion -boxer rebellion

What we’re the Opium wars

Britain sent diplomats over to china to china to convince them to open trade, china said no. -Britain smuggled a drug called opium in order to trade good and tea -the Chinese got addicted to the drug -china asked britain to stop and britain said no -Lin tse-hsu destroyed opium stores and china made opium illegal to try and limit the amount that was coming in -british and China began fighting

Treaty of Nanking

-peace between britain and china -China opens trade to britain -fair tariff on trade

Japanese imperialism

-Japan shuts off trade -the US send Mathew’s perry to threaten Japan to open trade -Japan opens trade and mondernizes

Mary Wollstonecraft

Vindication of women’s rights, women deserve education and to be equal

Olympe

Women’s rights, deceleration of the rights of women and citizen

Joseph II

King, no serfs, free religion, free speech

Fredirik the great

King, education, religious freedom, freedom of speech, no more extreme punishment

Thomas Jeff

Declaration of Independence

Geoofren

Salons, donated to the encyclopedia

Cathrine the great

Religious freedom, cruel punishment, gave nobles power over serfs, warm water port

Motzart

Classical music

Adam smith

Economics, “the wealth of nation” self interest, law of competition, supply and demand, founded capitalism

Thomas Hobbes

Hates humans, “leviathan”, people crave power

montesquieu

“On the spirit of laws” checks and balances

Rosseau

“Social contract” direct dimocracy

Breccaria

“On crimes and punishment” speedy trials, punishment bad

Voltaire

Freedom of speech “candid”

Sorounger truth

“Ain’t I a woman” black women deserve rights

Elizabeth cady

Suffrage movement, sennica falls conventions “declaration of sentiments”

Denis Diderot

Encyclopedia/ hates the French church

John Locke

Equal rights, democracy

Mary Wollstonecraft

Vindication of women’s rights, women deserve education and to be equal