Studied by 10 people
Causes of the American Revolution
• Unfair taxation • Enlightenment • Colonists didn’t see themselves as British
Enlightenment Ideas Used in the American Revolution
• John Locke (natural rights, consent in governed) • Montesquieu (separation of powers) • Rousseau (democracy and majority rules)
Key Players in the American Revolution
Thomas Jefferson
Effects of the American Revolution
• Inspired other revolutions • Put the British in further debt
Causes of the French Revolution
• Separation of estates • Prices rising faster than wages • Incompetent monarchy • Monarchy overspending
Enlightenment Ideas Used in the French Revolution
• natural rights • consent in governed • separation of powers • democracy
no cruel and unusual punishment
Key Players in the French Revolution
3rd estate
Effects of the French Revolution
• Overthrow of the king • Creation of a democratic republic • Ineffective gov’t leads to rise of Napoleon
Effects of the Haitian Revolution
Economic decilne of haiti
Key Players in the Haitian Revolution
• Toussaint Louverture
Enlightenment Ideas Used in the Haitian Revolution
• Natural Rights / equal right
abolishing slavery
Causes of the Haitian Revolution
American revolution
inequal rights
Abuses of slave owners
Causes of the Latin American Revolution
• Unequal social structure (creoles, peninsulars, Indians, slaves)
mercantilist policy's
Cant trade with others
differences in culture • Inspiration from French & American Revolutions
What forces influenced political and social revolutions in this period?
The enlightenment
What were their consequences of these revolutions in both the short-term and the long-term?
Lack of knowledge on how to self-rule led to issues like being ruled by a new tyrant, economic collapse, and inevitably making little change in the unification of all social classes
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan, hates humans
John Locke
Consent of the governed, natural rights
Baron de Montesquieu
Separation of power
Jean Jacque Rousseau
Democracy
Voltaire
Freedom of speech
What people or issues did Enlightenment thinkers ignore or overlook?
The rights of women and people of color
How did monarchs respond to the enlightenment?
Some tried to limit and control the ammount of enlightened ideas being exchanges, while some were enlightened despots and were ok with enlightenment ideas so long as their authority was not questioned
Three estates
the monarchy and the clergy - didn't have to pay taxes
the upper class - didn't have to pay taxes
the lower class - had to pay taxes and work for the lords
the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
A statement of the natural rights that the white French men are entitled to
reign of terror
Robespierre became in charge and mass executions began
What role did women play in the French Revolution and what was the impact?
Women not only joined in the revolt but began advocating for their own rights, the result of this is the declaration of woman and citizen
Describe the social classes on Saint Domingue in the late 1700’s
Grand Blancs
Petite Blancs
Gens de Colour
Enslaved Africans
How were the Spanish American revolutions shaped by the American, French, and Haitian revolutions that happened earlier? Who led the Spanish American revolutions?
Latin America under the control of Europe as the others revolutions, because they saw the results of the other evolutions
Why was it apparently impossible to unite the various Spanish colonies to create a United States of Latin America?
Each of the colonies were too new, there were no concrete borders, and the cultural differences were too great
What was the purpose of Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter?
The purpose to express his ideal enlightened continent where everyone is equal and connected
Leviathan
Humas are shellfish - Thomas Hobbes
Two Treatise on Civil Government
Consent of the governed - John Locke
On Crime and Punishment
No cruel and unusual punishment - Beccaria
declaration of independence
Thomas Jefferson
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Statement of natural rights - National assembly
vindication of the rights of women
Women's rights - Mary Wollstonecraft
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
Women's rights - Olympe de Gouge
declaration of sentiments
women's right / abuses of men - Elizabeth cady Stanton
Haitian Cahiers
Free the black people of saint Domingue - Toussaint Louverture
Letter to the French Directory
End slavery in saint Domingue - Toussaint Louverture
Jamaican Letter
Simon Bolivar - equality of the continent
What caused the Berlin Conference
-Nationalism, Darwinism, white mans burden -European competition -Africas size, resources, and location -new inventions (maxim machine gun and steam ships) -wars between ethnic groups in Africa
Effects of the Berlin conference
-it have Africa a legacy of political fragmentation -new illnesses in Africa -Africans lost control of their land -loss of traditional African leaders -new technology, education, and improved sanitation in Africa
What was the Berlin conference
A conference of 14 nations that carved up Africa into colonies for Europeans to take (no African leaders were allowed to attend)
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
-abundance of natural resources (coal and iron) -cheap labor -new technology (plow, seed drill, horse drawn cultivator) -geographic location (near Rivera and oceans) -agricultural Revolution -enlightenment ideas -no wars with Europe -end of mercantilism
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
-Pollution -poor working and living conditions -economic growth -child labor -urbanization -unions -deforestation -new technology (steam engine, factories, furnace, gas powered lights) -new social classes (Bourgeoisie and working class)
Response to Industrial Revolution
Labor unions were formed to advocate for the rights of the working class Luddites: would destroy textile machines in protest of poor working conditions Chartist movement: working class men demanded that they had the right to vote in govt. Sadler committee: investigated poor working conditions and child labor in factories/caused the factory acts Utopian socialism: Robert Owen, better treatment of workers would cause them to want to work, allowing women time off of work after they gave birth/limiting child labor/providing housing, medical care, and education
causes of italian unification
Napoleon’s rule of the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy and the French Revolution inspired nationalism on the Italian peninsula.
Causes of german unification
-Napoleonic wars → conquered and combined the territories -congress of Vienna → restoration of pre-Napoleon power -nationalism → causes Germany and Italy to revolt -French Revolution → inspired the revolt
Economic response to IR (capitalism)
Capitalism: -Adam smith -free market, free economy -economic Liberty=economic progress -3 natural laws: 1. Law of self interest-working provides benefits Law of competition - competition makes better product 3. Law of supply and demand - when supply is high and demand is high that means economic progress -lassie-fair economics
Economic response to IR (Marxism )
Carl Marx -communist manefesto -permanent social classes -the idea that family owned businesses would be destroyed by factories and because of this people would revolt causing complete equality -social class free society -the government is in the people
African response to imperialism
-defending themselves with violence/war -attempt at unifying different tribes to fight against the Europeans -surrendering to the Europeans -diplomatically signing treaties
Why were the British interested in India
Could supply raw materials and workers
Affects of imperialism in india
-Indians had no control in their own politics or economics -loss of self sufficiency -intolerance to Indian culture -modernizations brough railroads, telephones, and telegraphs -sepoy mutiny
What caused the sepoy mutiny
-british we’re trying to convert them to Christianity -british abuse
Effect of the sepoy mutiny
-The British took direct command of India -formation of the British Raj -fueled British racism
Historical circumstances that led to china becoming a sphere of influence
The opium wars Treaty of nanjing Chinese isolationist policies Jade and porcelain is very valuable in Britain
The effects of china becoming a sphere of influence
-loss of control over trade -open door policy -china was divided -taiping rebellion -boxer rebellion
What we’re the Opium wars
Britain sent diplomats over to china to china to convince them to open trade, china said no. -Britain smuggled a drug called opium in order to trade good and tea -the Chinese got addicted to the drug -china asked britain to stop and britain said no -Lin tse-hsu destroyed opium stores and china made opium illegal to try and limit the amount that was coming in -british and China began fighting
Treaty of Nanking
-peace between britain and china -China opens trade to britain -fair tariff on trade
Japanese imperialism
-Japan shuts off trade -the US send Mathew’s perry to threaten Japan to open trade -Japan opens trade and mondernizes
What caused the Berlin Conference
-Nationalism, Darwinism, white mans burden -European competition -Africas size, resources, and location -new inventions (maxim machine gun and steam ships) -wars between ethnic groups in Africa
Effects of the Berlin conference
-it have Africa a legacy of political fragmentation -new illnesses in Africa -Africans lost control of their land -loss of traditional African leaders -new technology, education, and improved sanitation in Africa
What was the Berlin conference
A conference of 14 nations that carved up Africa into colonies for Europeans to take (no African leaders were allowed to attend)
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
-abundance of natural resources (coal and iron) -cheap labor -new technology (plow, seed drill, horse drawn cultivator) -geographic location (near Rivera and oceans) -agricultural Revolution -enlightenment ideas -no wars with Europe -end of mercantilism
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
-Pollution -poor working and living conditions -economic growth -child labor -urbanization -unions -deforestation -new technology (steam engine, factories, furnace, gas powered lights) -new social classes (Bourgeoisie and working class)
Response to Industrial Revolution
Labor unions were formed to advocate for the rights of the working class Luddites: would destroy textile machines in protest of poor working conditions Chartist movement: working class men demanded that they had the right to vote in govt. Sadler committee: investigated poor working conditions and child labor in factories/caused the factory acts Utopian socialism: Robert Owen, better treatment of workers would cause them to want to work, allowing women time off of work after they gave birth/limiting child labor/providing housing, medical care, and education
causes of italian unification
Napoleon’s rule of the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy and the French Revolution inspired nationalism on the Italian peninsula.
Causes of german unification
-Napoleonic wars → conquered and combined the territories -congress of Vienna → restoration of pre-Napoleon power -nationalism → causes Germany and Italy to revolt -French Revolution → inspired the revolt
Economic response to IR (capitalism)
Capitalism: -Adam smith -free market, free economy -economic Liberty=economic progress -3 natural laws: 1. Law of self interest-working provides benefits Law of competition - competition makes better product 3. Law of supply and demand - when supply is high and demand is high that means economic progress -lassie-fair economics
Economic response to IR (Marxism )
Carl Marx -communist manefesto -permanent social classes -the idea that family owned businesses would be destroyed by factories and because of this people would revolt causing complete equality -social class free society -the government is in the people
African response to imperialism
-defending themselves with violence/war -attempt at unifying different tribes to fight against the Europeans -surrendering to the Europeans -diplomatically signing treaties
Why were the British interested in India
Could supply raw materials and workers
Affects of imperialism in india
-Indians had no control in their own politics or economics -loss of self sufficiency -intolerance to Indian culture -modernizations brough railroads, telephones, and telegraphs -sepoy mutiny
What caused the sepoy mutiny
-british we’re trying to convert them to Christianity -british abuse
Effect of the sepoy mutiny
-The British took direct command of India -formation of the British Raj -fueled British racism
Historical circumstances that led to china becoming a sphere of influence
The opium wars Treaty of nanjing Chinese isolationist policies Jade and porcelain is very valuable in Britain
The effects of china becoming a sphere of influence
-loss of control over trade -open door policy -china was divided -taiping rebellion -boxer rebellion
What we’re the Opium wars
Britain sent diplomats over to china to china to convince them to open trade, china said no. -Britain smuggled a drug called opium in order to trade good and tea -the Chinese got addicted to the drug -china asked britain to stop and britain said no -Lin tse-hsu destroyed opium stores and china made opium illegal to try and limit the amount that was coming in -british and China began fighting
Treaty of Nanking
-peace between britain and china -China opens trade to britain -fair tariff on trade
Japanese imperialism
-Japan shuts off trade -the US send Mathew’s perry to threaten Japan to open trade -Japan opens trade and mondernizes
Mary Wollstonecraft
Vindication of women’s rights, women deserve education and to be equal
Olympe
Women’s rights, deceleration of the rights of women and citizen
Joseph II
King, no serfs, free religion, free speech
Fredirik the great
King, education, religious freedom, freedom of speech, no more extreme punishment
Thomas Jeff
Declaration of Independence
Geoofren
Salons, donated to the encyclopedia
Cathrine the great
Religious freedom, cruel punishment, gave nobles power over serfs, warm water port
Motzart
Classical music
Adam smith
Economics, “the wealth of nation” self interest, law of competition, supply and demand, founded capitalism
Thomas Hobbes
Hates humans, “leviathan”, people crave power
montesquieu
“On the spirit of laws” checks and balances
Rosseau
“Social contract” direct dimocracy
Breccaria
“On crimes and punishment” speedy trials, punishment bad
Voltaire
Freedom of speech “candid”
Sorounger truth
“Ain’t I a woman” black women deserve rights
Elizabeth cady
Suffrage movement, sennica falls conventions “declaration of sentiments”
Denis Diderot
Encyclopedia/ hates the French church
John Locke
Equal rights, democracy
Mary Wollstonecraft
Vindication of women’s rights, women deserve education and to be equal
Note 
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