Biology 12 Lab Practical: Fetal Pig Dissection

Diaphragm

This muscles separates the thorax from the abdomen and is responsible for breathing.

Small Intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place.

Gall Bladder

This organ stores the bile produced by the liver.

Duodenum

Leads to small intestine

Bile is sent from the gall bladder to this structure in order to emulsify fat.

Spleen

This organ filters blood of old red blood cells.

Liver

This organ breaks down ingested toxins and the byproducts of protein metabolism and is also a storage site for glycogen.

Stomach

A muscular and elastic sac that serves mainly to store food, break it up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins and fat.

Pancreas

An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are delivered to the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.

Heart

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Lungs

Locate them by looking underneath and behind the heart and liver. They are two spongy organs. House tiny air sacs called alveoli.

An organ found in air-breathing vertebrates that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

Pulmonary

carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Coronary Artery

Either of two arteries that arise one from the left and one from the right side of the aorta immediately above the semilunar valves and supply the tissues of the heart itself.

Left Atrium

Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it into systemic circulation.

Left Ventricle

The chamber of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta.

Right Ventricle

The chamber of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary

The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; it carries oxygen-poor blood.

Soft Palette

Allows food to slide down throat and separates nasal and oral cavities.

Nares

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

Hard Palette

Helps with mechanical digestion.

Speech and feeding from interaction with the tongue, separates oral cavity from nasal cavity.

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs.

Air passageway; has cartilage rings to help keep the air passage open as air rushes in; branches into right/left bronchus. Between larynx and bronchi.

Larynx

Contains the vocal cords-voice box.

Primary Bronchi

The first branches of the trachea. There are two primary bronchi, one for each lung.

Male

Pinna

a high peak or point

Umbilical cord

Connects the vasculature of the fetus to the placenta. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus.

Urinary Bladder

The pouch where urine is stored prior to elimination.

Kidney

Filters waste from the blood like urea, water, salt and proteins.

Transverse

The blue line separates the pig along this body plane.

Sagittal

This skin was cut through this body plane to reveal internal structures like the skeleton.

Frontal

The dashed green line separates the pig into two sections along this body plane.

Large Intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces.

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body.

Ovaries

Glands that produce the egg cells and hormones.

Egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system.

Uterine Horns

Point where uterus & uterine tubes meet; connect body of uterus & ovaries; in the pig, fetus develops here.

Rectum

A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated.

Umbilical Artery

Brings DEOXYGENATED blood and nutrients from fetus to mother.

Ureter

A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Carries urine duh.

Testes

Male sex glands or gonads that produce the male sex cells - sperm. (Primary)

Renal Cortex

Outer layer of kidney.

Renal Medulla

Inner portion of the kidney.

Renal Column

Inward extensions of the cortex tissue separating the renal pyramids.

Superior vena cava

carries de-oxygenated blood from upper body to right atrium (first pathway) —> blood return)

inferior vena cava

carries de-oxygenated blood from lower limbs and abdomen to the righ atrium

Tricuspid, right atrioventricular, AV valve

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Bicuspid, left atrioventricular, AV valve

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Umbilical vein

carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus

umbilical vein

carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

foramen ovale

opening in the fetal heart between left and right atrium that allow for blood to pass directly from right ventricle to the left

Ductus arteriosus

shunt in fetal heart that allows blood to go directly from right ventricle to aorta

ligamentum arteriosum

In mature heart only, not present in fetus, nonfunctional remnant of the ductus arteriosus, connects aorta to pulmonary artery.

esophagus

carries food from mouth to digestive tract

jejunum

middle part of small intestine between duodenum and ileum; In mature heart only, not present in fetus, nonfunctional remnant of the ductus arteriosus, connects aorta to pulmonary artery.

ileum

last part of small intestine, absorption of nutrients.

thymus

Organ of the immune system, lymphocytes mature and multiply here, enlarged in the young pig and up until puberty in humans.

Thyroid

endocrine gland, secretes the hormone thyroxine, which controls the rate of metabolism.

urethra

Urine from bladder passes through this to get to outside, urination, in male also allows passage of sperm to outside.

Epididymis

In male only, stores sperm before they enter the vasa deferentia. (side of testes)

Vasa deferenti

male, carry sperm from testes to urethra

Seminal vesicles

little gum looking thing behind bladder that add nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation, produce much of the sperm volume

Oviducts

receive eggs from ovaries at ovulation (where fetilziation is)

uterues

where egg implants and develops into fetus.

cervix

, constricted junction between uterus and vagina, contractions of this are involved in labor.