Studied by 1035 people
Regulation
Mechanisms through which behaviors are controlled or influenced, including norms, markets, and architecture.
Code as Law
The idea that software and hardware code can regulate behavior in cyberspace similar to how laws regulate behavior in physical space.
Liberty and Regulation
The balance between freedom and various forms of regulation that can protect or infringe upon individual liberties.
Transparency and Accountability
The importance of clarity about who is regulating and how, to ensure regulators are accountable for their actions.
Technology as Hardware
Viewing technology strictly as tools and machines.
Technology as Rules
Understanding technology as systems of rules or procedures.
Technology as System
A comprehensive view that includes both the hardware and the human context of use.
Technology as Applied Science
The misconception that technology solely stems from the application of scientific knowledge.
Technological Systems
Complexes that include hardware, knowledge, skills, organizations, and individuals.
Technology's Impact
The idea that technology's usefulness depends on its application and doesn't inherently make the world better or worse.
Tool for Work
Technology as a tool useful for certain types of work.
Designed Communication
Technology communicates how it should be used.
Autonomous Technologies
Some technology can work on its own, but human input is often essential.
ARPANET
The precursor to the modern Internet, developed by DARPA.
Why did DARPA build ARPAnet
Intended for government and defense department, internet communication must continue despite loss of networks or gateways, internet must support multiple types of communications service.
Packet-switching
A method of data transmission where data is broken into packets and sent through a network.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
A set of networking protocols that enable different networks to communicate, forming the basis of the Internet.
Network of networks
Concept leading to the creation of the modern Internet, allowing different networks to interconnect.
Commercialization of the Internet
Cerf’s efforts in expanding the Internet beyond military and research use to the general public and commercial sectors.
Sequence number
Data packets are labeled with one to put them in the correct order.
Hypertext
Non-linear text systems allowing links between documents.
Linked Information Systems
Systems where information is interconnected through links.
Nodes and Links
Fundamental elements of hypertext systems, representing information pieces and connections.
Distributed Hypertext System
A decentralized approach to managing and accessing interconnected documents.
Non-Centralization
Design principle allowing systems to grow and interconnect without central control.
OSI Model
A framework to understand how networks function, organizing layers from physical to abstract.
Layers of the OSI Model
Layers are organized from the most tangible and most physical, to less tangible but closer to the end user. Each layer abstracts lower level functionality away until by the time you get to the highest layer.
P-D-N-T-S-P-A
Physical, Data Link, Network, Transmission, Session, Presentation, Application.
Traceroute
A tool that shows the route data takes across the internet.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Packets
Used by traceroute to test the path.
Hops
Each jump from one router to another in the data path.
Acronym for Layers of OSI Model
Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away.
Whitespace
Used to make lists visually clear in code.
Four spaces
One tab (usually), python doesn’t care if you manually space or tab.
Iteration
How to loop through lists in code, whitespace matters.
Mutability
Ability to remove, add, or change elements in code.
Indexing in Lists
The first item is at index 0.
Lists in Code
Can put numbers or lists in a list, can have an empty list.
Google's original name
Backrub.
Sir Tim Berners Lee
Creator of the World Wide Web (www).
PageRank
Produces a global ranking of web pages based on their location in the web’s graph structure.
3 tips for coding
Case sensitivity, quoting variables, code comments.
Case sensitivity (architectural rule)
Codes may not work due to caps lock, be mindful of capitalization. Ex: “Print(“Hello World”)” the P is capital outside of the “string”.
To quote or not to quote
Use quotes when printing a variable to print the exact thing in the quote. Ex: print(“hello world”) will print hello world, but if you do “greeting= “Hello World!” and then do print(greeting) - this will print hello world
Code comments (social rule)
Use comments to provide the intention of the following lines of code.
Wrap
Put quotes around in code.
Narcissism of Minor Differences
The tendency to use minor differences as a rationale for hostility.
HCC (Human Centered Computing)
A systems view including people and computing.
Tools of sociotechnical systems
Regulatory factors that constrain and enable behaviors.
4 factors
Legal, social norms, market forces, architecture.
Concatenation
Putting one thing after another, not the same as
Interactive mode
running individual python commands in an interactive “real time” console
Script mode
writing a series of python commands in a file and executing that file
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Packets
Used by traceroute to test the path
Technological Determinism
The theory that technology determines the development of society’s structure and cultural values.
Cultural Determinism
The counterpoint to technological determinism suggests that cultural and societal values shape technological development.
Soft Determinism
A middle-ground perspective acknowledging both technological trends and human agency.
Cultural Lag
The idea that technology changes faster than society can adapt to it
Note 
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