consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce
human resource management
the economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions
human capital
someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information as opposed to providing manual work
knowledge worker
the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships
social capital
What is the most common type of worker in this century?
knowledge worker
What type of planning consists of developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs?
strategic human resource planning
determining the basic elements of a job by observation and analysis (provides the necessary information for the job description and job specification)
job analysis
summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it (can change over time)
job descriptions
describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform a job successfully
job specification
Becoming knowledgeable about the staffing the organization might need helps in doing what?
predicting future employee needs
process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization
recruitment
hiring from the inside
internal recruitment
hiring from the outside
external recruitment
Which external recruiting methods work the best?
employee referrals and e-recruitment tools
gives a candidate a picture of both the positive and the negative features of the job and the organization before joining a firm
realistic job preview
screening of job applicants to hire the best candidate
selection process
What 3 components are involved in the selection process of recruitment?
background information, interviewing, and employee tests
interview with no fixed set of questions and no systematic scoring procedure
unstructured interview
What is a benefit of an unstructured interview?
provides a more accurate assessment of the applicant’s job-related personality traits
Why is the unstructured interview criticized?
overly subjective and is more likely to be legally attacked
interview that involves asking each applicant the same questions and comparing their responses to a standardized set of answers
structured interview
What type of interview focuses on hypothetical situations?
situational interview
What type of interview explores what applicants have actually done in the past?
behavioral-description interview
tests that measure physical abilities, strength and stamina, mechanical ability, mental abilities, and clerical abilities
ability tests
test that measures performance on actual job tasks
performance tests (aka skills test)
For legal reasons, tests must have…
reliability and validity
tests that measure such personality traits as adjustment, energy, sociability, independence, and need for achievement
personality tests
tests that assess attitudes and experiences related to a person’s honesty, dependability, trustworthiness, reliability, and prosocial behavior
integrity tests
automated recruiters canvas the web for ideal employees, based on a specific algorithm
talent analytics
wages or salaries, incentives, and benefits
compensation
basic wage or salary paid to employees in exchange for doing their jobs
base pay
commisions, bonuses, profit-sharing plans, and stock options
incentives
health insurance, dental insurance, life insurance, disability protection, retirement plans
benefits
programs that help employees to integrate and transition to new jobs
onboarding
helping the newcomer fit smoothly into the job and the organization (designed to give employees the information they need to be successful)
orientation
educating technical and operational employees to do their current jobs better
training
What are the 5 steps of training?
assessment
objectives
selection
implementation
evaluation
coaching, training, positions, job rotation, and planned work activities
on-the-job learning and development
classroom programs, workbooks, videos, games and simulations, and computer-assisted instruction
off-the-job learning and development
segments learning into bite-sized content, enabling a student to master one piece of learning before advancing to anything else
microlearning
set of processes and managerial behaviors that involves defining, monitoring, measuring, and evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations
performance management
What are the 4 steps in performance management?
define performance
monitor and evaluate performance
review performance
provide consequences
assessing and employees performance and providing feedback
performance appraisal (aka performance review)
measures desired results (based on fact and also numerical)
objective appraisal
based on a manager’s perceptions of an employees traits and behaviors (easy to create and use but validity is questionable)
subjective appraisal
rates employee graduations in performance according to scales of specific behaviors
behaviorally anchored rating scale
employees are appraised not only by their managerial supervisors but also by peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients
360-degree assessment
all employees within a business unit ranked against one another and grades are distributed along a bell curve
forced rankings
To help increase performance, managers should offer what two types of appraisals?
formal and informal
conducted at specific times throughout the year and based on performance measures that have been established in advance
formal appraisals
conducted on an unscheduled basis and consists of less rigorous indications of employee performance
informal appraisals
moving upward in a company in fair ways
promotions
moving sideways in a company with similar responsibilities
transfer
the threat of moving downward in a company
discipline and demotion
moving out of the organization through layoffs, downsizing, and firings
dismissal
a formal conversation to find out why an employee is leaving and to learn about potential problems in the organization
exit interview
contract that prohibits one party from criticizing the other
non-disparagement agreement
gives employees legal right to examine letters of reference concerning them
privacy act
requires employers to verify the eligibility for employment of all their new hires (including US citizens)
immigration reform and control act
prohibits employers from demoting or firing employees who raise accusations of fraud to a federal agency
sarbanes-oxley act
sets rules for managing pension plans; provides federal insurance to conver bankrupt plans
employee retirement income security act (ERISA)
requires employers to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons, including for childbirth, adoption, or family emergency
family and medical leave act
allows employees to switch health insurance plans when changing jobs and receive new coverage regardless of preexisting health conditions; prohibits group plans from dropping ill employees
health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPPA)
increased federal minimum wage to $7.25 per hour
fair minimum wage act
establishes minimum health and safety standards in organizations
occupational safety and health act (OSHA)
requires and extensions of health insurance benefits after termination
consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act (COBRA)
employers with more than 50 employees must provide health insurance
patient protection and affordable care act
requires men and women to be paid equally for performing equal work
equal pay act
prohibits discrimination on basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex
civil rights act (Title 9)
prohibits discrimination in employees over 40 years old and restricts mandatory retirement
age discrimination in employment act (ADEA)
prohibits discrimination against essentially qualified employees with physical or mental disabilities or chronic illness and requires reasonable accommodations to be provided to them
americans with disabilities act (ADA)
permits suits against employers for punitive damages in cases on intentional discrimination
civil rights act
people are hired or promoted, or denied hiring or promotion, for reasons not relevant to the job
discrimination
an organization uses an employment practice or procedure that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class
adverse impact
employees from protected groups are intentionally treated differently
disparate treatment
unwanted sexual attention that creates an adverse work environment
sexual harrassment
jeopardizes being hired or obtaining job benefits or opportunities unless he or she implicitly or explicitly acquiesces
quid pro quo
doesn’t risk economic harm but experiences an offensive or intimidating environment
hostile environment
abusive physical, psychological, verbal or nonverbal behavior that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating
bullying
organizations of employees formed to protect and advance their members’ interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues
labor unions
negotiations between management and employees about disputes over compensation, benefits, working conditions, and job security
collective bargaining
enforces procedures whereby employees may vote for a union and collective bargaining
national labor relations board (NLRB)
employer must hire only workers for a job who are already in the union (this is illegal)
closed shop
workers aren’t required to be union members when hired for a job but must join the union within a specified time
union shop
workers must pay equivalent of union dues, but aren’t required to join the union
agency shop
workers may choose to join or not join a union
open shop
new employees are paid less or receive lesser benefits than veteran employees
two-tier wage contracts
a clause during the period of the contract ties future wage increases to increases in the cost of living
cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)
the union agrees to give up previous wage or benefit gains in return for something else, such as no-layoff policy
givebacks
a complaint by an employee that management has violated the terms of the labor-management agreement
grievance
process in which a neutral third party, an arbitrator, listens to both parties in a dispute and makes a decision that the parties have agreed will be binding
arbitration