US History Chapter 5

King Williams War

King Williams War

Also known as the War of the league of Augsburg, it lasted from 1689-1697; the English had the advantage but didn't work well together

Lousiana

what Robert De LaSalle named the land at the mouth of the Mississippi River

Queen Annes War

also known as the War of the Spanish Succession; France's Indian allies attacked English settlements and English raided Canadian villages

King Georges War

Also known as the War of Austrian Succession. It started out as a conflict between Britain and Spain, but then escalated when France sided with Spain.

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area; began in Pennsylvania with an incident involving George Washington

Seven Years War

the English name for the French and Indian War

George Washington

led his men into the Ohio River region to clear the territory of the French; led a surprise attack on French soldiers

Fort Duquesne

newly constructed fort that was also named Fort Necessity; Washington retreated here and surrendered

guerrilla warfare

sudden surprise attacks by small, hidden groups

Albany Congress

attempted to establish political unity for Britain

Benjamin Franklin

proposed the Albany Plan for a centralized colonial rule with a president and a congress

Edward Braddock

led British troops to capture For Duquesne; fought with Washington; was killed by the French and Indian's surprise attack

Marquis de Montcalm

assigned command of the French forces in America; engineered a series of defeat on the British; French leader in the battle of Quebec

William Pitt

became the leader of the British government in 1757; let Prussia bear the brunt of fighting in Europe and the British isolated French forces in America and India; he replaced old, incompetent commanders with young ones

James Wolfe

the British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec won Canada for the British Empire; killed in the line of duty

Battle of Quebec

a battle won by the British over the French, and the turning point in the French and Indian War; two greatest commanders were Montcalm and Wolfe; ended the war in North America

Treaty of Paris

drastically changed the geography of North America; France surrendered its land in Canada, Mississippi, and Ohio to Britain; British also acquired Florida; Spain gained french lands west of Mississippi River

George III

came to the throne in 1760 after the French and Indian war; British government decided to carefully analyze the financial and political affairs of the colonies

Pontiac

famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British; hoped to protect land by driving settles back across the Appalachian Mountains

power of the purse

The salaries for royal officials, military appropriations, and taxes had to obtain the approval of elected officeholders

Proclamation Line

prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains; British government hoped it would diminish conflicts with the Indians; denied westward expansion into the lands the colonists viewed as their own

George Grenville

British prime minister that passed the Sugar Act; proposed the Stamp Act

Sugar Act

placed a tariff on certain goods such as sugar, molasses, and coffee; purpose was to raise revenue to secure the colonies

Stamp Act

levied the first internal tax ever imposed on the colonies; stamps or special stamped paper had to be purchased and attached to newspapers, diplomas, and other douments

Isaac Barre

member of parliament; opposed stamp act; understood America and declared British infringement on American rights; his speech encouraged the formation of the Sons of Liberty

Sons of Liberty

growing body of opponents to British rule that snatched Barre's phrase about British infringement on the rights of the colonists

Quartering Act

subjected the colonists to a standing army in peacetime and further required that the colonists fed and housed them

internal tax

a tax on items produced and consumed entirely within the colonies

Patrick Henry

member of the Virginia House of Burgesses; very skillful speaker and became the 'voice of the Revolution'; said that to grant the right of taxation to any group other than the Virginian Assembly was tyranny

Stamp Act Congress

the first example of genuine colonial unity; denounced the Stamp Act and the seizure of colonial rights that it represented

Samuel Adams

led the Sons of Liberty in hatred of the royal stamp distributor for Massachusetts

Declaratory Act

act that stated that Parliament had the right to pass any law regarding the colonies that it desired

Townshend Acts

placed taxes on glass, paint, paper, and tea; strengthened the writs of assistance ; directly conflicted with the power of the purse

Charles Townshend

Influenced Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts; told Parliament that the colonies should submit to the Townshend Acts

boycotts

refusals to buy British goods organized throughout the colonies

no taxation without representation

the rallying cry for many of the colonists

Boston Massacre

incident in 1770 in which British troops fired on and killed American colonists

John Adams

lawyer that defended the soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre; believed that everyone was entitled to a fair trial