Medical Terminology Quiz #4

Ankylosis

Immobility and fixation of a joint

Degenerative joint disease

osteoarthritis

Gout

A form of acute arthritis, usually beginning in the knee or foot, caused by deposit of uric acid salts in the joints

Kyphosis

An exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region; hunchback

Lordosis

An exaggerated curve of the spine in the lumbar region; swayback

Osteoarthritis

Progressive deterioration of joint cartilage with growth of new bone and soft tissue in and around the joint, most common form of arthritis; results from wear and tear, injury, or disease, also called DJD

Osteomalacia

a softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency or other disease

Osteopenia

a lower than average bone density, which may foreshadow osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

a condition characterized by reduction in bone density, most common in white women past menopause; predisposing factors include poor diet, inactivity, and low estrogen levels

Rheumatoid Arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown origin resulting in inflammation of peripheral joints and related structures, more common in women than men

Sciatica

severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, usually related to spinal nerve root irritation

Herberden nodes

small, hard nodules formed in the cartilage of the distal joints of the fingers in osteoarthritis

Multiple myeloma

a cancer of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac near a joint; causes injury, irritation, and joint disease; the shoulder, hip, elbow, and knee are common sites

Bursa

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint

Epiphyseal plate

the growth region of a long bone; located in the metaphysis, between the diaphysis and epiphysis. When bone growth stops, this area appears as the epiphyseal line

Spondyl/o

vertebra

Oste/o

bone

Myel/o

bone marrow; also spinal cord

Arthr/o

joint

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

DJD

degenerative joint disease

Fx

fracture

NSAID

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s)

OA

osteoarthritis

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

fibromyalgia

a disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause

Muscular dystrophy

a group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles

Myasthenia gravis

a disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction

Sprain

injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture

Strain

trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding, or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a tendon from bone

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

a disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease

Creatine kinase

an enzyme found in muscle tissue; the serum level of CK increases in cases of muscle damage; creatine phosphokinase

Ataxia

lack of muscle coordination

Atrophy

a wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ, such as the wasting of muscle from disuse

Clonus

alternating spasmodic contraction and relaxation in a muscle

My/o

muscle

In/o

fiber

Kin/o-

movement

ALS

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

LLE

left lower extremity

LUE

left upper extremity

PACU

post anesthesia care unit

OT

occupational therapy

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

ROM

range of motion

RLS

restless leg syndrome

RUE

right upper extremity

RLE

right lower extremity

Acromegaly

overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in the hands, feet, and face, caused by an excess of growth hormone in an adult

Adenoma

a neoplasm of a gland

Adult hypothyroidism

a condition caused by hypothyroidism in an adult. There is dry, waxy swelling, most notable in the face, formerly called myxedema

Cushing disease

overactivity of the adrenal cortex resulting from excess production of ACTH by the pituitary

Diabetes mellitus

a disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin production or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin

Type 1 diabetes - results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells and generally appears in children and requires insulin administration

Type 2 diabetes - generally occurs in obese adults and is treated with diet, exercise, drugs, and sometimes insulin

Diabetes insipidus

a disorder caused by insufficient release of ADH from the posterior pituitary that results in excessive thirst and production of large amounts of very dilute urine

Exophthalmos

protrusion of the eyeballs, as seen in graves disease

Glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c)

a test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of a red blood cell. It reflects the average blood glucose level over 2-3 months and is useful in evaluating long-term therapy for diabetes mellitus

Goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland, may be toxic or nontoxic. Simple (nontoxic) goiter is caused by iodine deficiency

Hyperglycemia

excess glucose in the blood

Hypoglycemia

abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

Ketoacidosis

acidosis (increased acidity of body fluids) caused by an excess of ketone bodies, as seen in diabetes mellitus

Seasonal affective disorder

a mood disorder with lethargy, depression, excessive need for sleep, and overeating that generally occurs in winter; thought to be related to melatonin levels as influenced by environmental light

Fasting plasma glucose

measurement of glucose in the blood after a fast of at least 8 hours. A reading greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes

Glucosuria

excess sugar in the urine

A1c

glycosylated hemoglobin test

TSH

thyroid stimulating hormone

T4

thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)

T3

triiodothyronine

LH

luteinizing hormone

FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

FBS

fasting blood sugar

BS

blood sugar

DM

diabetes mellitus