[02 October 2023] TOK Vocabulary Bee

Theory of Knowledge Chapters 1-2 Vocabulary (book.topic.page) lb. > little book bb. > big book

justified

justified

(lb.2.2.16) shown to be fair or reasonable

true

(lb.2.2.16) logically consistent, honest, correct, and accurate

belief

(lb.2.2.16) a feeling that what you think is true

knowledge claim

(lb.2.2.16) a statement in which we claim to know something, or a claim made about knowledge or knowing

practical knowledge

(lb.2.3.19) knowledge we have about how do things, like how to swim, play a violin, or read Mandarin

knowledge by association

(lb.2.3.19) personal, first-hand knowledge

factual knowledge

(lb.2.3.20) knowledge about things that exist, events that have actually occurred, or things that have been verified as true

relativism

(lb.2.4.22) the belief that there is no absolute truth, only the truths that particular individuals or cultures believe

valid

(lb.2.4.22) well-grounded, justified, legitimate

absolutists

(lb.2.4.23) people who believe there are absolute truths that are true for all people at all times

knowledge question

(lb.2.4.23) an open question that explores issues of knowing

knowledge matrix

(lb.2.5.26) a communal network of intersecting ideas, beliefs, and facts, within which new knowledge arises and develops

gettier case

(bb.2.2.40) an example of a justified true belief that does not appear to be knowledge

God’s eye view

(bb.2.2.41) when a knower assumes that they have access to knowledge that only an omniscient god could have

infallible

(bb.2.2.41) not capable of being wrong or making mistakes

paradigm

(bb.2.2.41) a model or example that provides a framework of understanding

complex

(bb.2.2.42) complicated, multifaceted

phlogiston

(bb.2.2.42) a hypothetical compound that was supposed to exist in combustible substances

natural law

(bb.2.2.43) a generalized description of observations about a relationship between two or more things in the natural world; often the description is mathematical

theory

(bb.2.2.43) an interconnected system of ideas intended to explain something in depth

phenomenon/a

(bb.2.2.43) an event, experience, or occurrence

information theory

(bb.2.2.44) the mathematical study of the coding of information, and how that information can be quantified, sored, and communicated reliably through computer circuits and telecommunications

datum/data

(bb.2.2.44) an unstructured collection of facts and figuresq

information

(bb.2.2.44) data that has been processed and structured, and can be used to answer who, what, when, and where questions

noise

(bb.2.2.44) unwanted disturbances in electrical signals; meaningless data, including data that cannot be understood or interpreted by machines

decode

(bb.2.2.44) decrypt, decipher, translate

tacit

(bb.2.3.46) unspoken; implicit but not expressed

explicit

(bb.2.3.46) clear, made obvious, openly expressed

centipede effect

(bb.2.3.47) over-consciousness of your performance in a way that interferes with what you are doing

introspective

(bb.2.3.48) looking inside oneself

universals

(bb.2.3.48) qualities that can be shared by different individuals at the same time, for example, redness roundness, beauty

cognitive science

(bb.2.3.49) the study of the mind and its processes through an interdisciplinary approach that involves philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and the natural sciences

factual

(bb.2.3.50) containing facts

conceptual

(bb.2.3.50) relating to abstract ideas

procedural

(bb.2.3.50) related to actions

metacognitive

(bb.2.3.50) relating to your own thought processes

breadth of knowledge

(bb.2.4.52) a span of knowledge covering may aspects of a subject

depth of knowledge

(bb.2.4.62) knowledge that focuses on, amplifies, and explores specific topics

falsehood

(bb.2.4.52) a lie or misrepresentation; something that is put forward as a fact of truth, but it is not

taxonomy

(bb.2.4.52) classification system, categorization

monolithic

(bb.2.4.54) one large, unchanging entity

nuance

(bb.2.4.54) subtle difference

implicit

(bb.2.5.56) implied, hidden

transient

(bb.2.5.57) temporary, fleeting

hyperthymesia

(bb.2.5.57) a condition in which a person can remember an abnormally large number of their own experiences in detail

absent-mindedness

(bb.2.5.58) inattentiveness that leads to lack of memory

blocking

(bb.2.5.58) when there is an obstruction to your ability to recall information

misattribution

(bb.2.5.58) to give credit to the wrong person or source, whether deliberately or mistakenly

plagiarism

(bb.2.5.58) passing off someone else’s idea or work as your own

power

(bb.2.5.59) control, influence, strength

ambiguity

(bb.2.5.60) when a word, statement, image or situation can have more than one meaning or interpretation

vagueness

(bb.2.5.60) when something is not clear or has no distinct boundaries, is imprecise and defies exact definition

misinformation

(bb.2.6.62) in correct information, unintentionally false information

disinformation

(bb.2.6.62) intentionally false or inaccurate information spread as an act of deception

viral

(bb.2.6.62) spreading widely and quickly

propaganda

(bb.2.6.63) the deliberate manipulation of information in order to influence what people think, usually for political purposes

echo chamber

(bb.2.6.63) a space in which sound reverberates, so any sounds made are repeated over and over as they bounce from the walls

confirmation bias

(bb.2.6.64) the tendency to believe evidence that supports your opinions, and ignore or discount evidence that goes against what you believe

bot

(bb.2.6.64) an automated computer programme

fake news

(bb.2.6.65) false, often sensational stories, spread under the guise of news reporting

expert

(bb.2.7.68) a person with specialist skills and/or knowledge

peer

(bb.2.7.68) a person of equal standing, usually a member of your own tribe

competency

(bb.2.7.69) capability; the possession of sufficient knowledge or skills

expertise

(bb.2.7.69) specialized skills and knowledge

bias

(bb.3) prejudice, unfairness, favoritism

identity

(bb.4) how a person, group, or nation sees themselves in relation to other people, groups, nations, ideas, and the world

culture

(bb.4) the shared ideas, beliefs, customs, and practices of a community or society

perception

(bb.4) an awareness of something in and through the mind

perspective

(bb.6) point of view, a particular way of seeing or considering something

experiential

(bb.6) based on experience

innate

(bb.6) something we are born with

a priori

(bb.6) purely by reason

theorem

(bb.7) a principle or statement that can be demonstrated or proved using logic, but it is not self-evident

truth

(bb.7) in accord with fact, or reality, or faithfulness to a standard

universal grammar

(bb.8) the idea that all human language, no matter how different they appear, share some fundamental similarities

belief

(bb.9) confidence that something exists of is true

ignorance

(bb.9) lack of knowledge

expert

(bb.9) a personal with specialized knowledge in a particular subject

certainty

(bb.10) the quality of having no doubt

illusion of explanatory depth

(bb.10) the illusion that you understand something in detail when you do not

explanation

(bb.10) an account or statement that makes something clear

outrage

(bb.12) intense anger and shock

retribution

(bb.12) intense anger and shock

proof

(bb.13) conclusive evidence

objectivity

(bb.16) looking at the world in a detached way that focuses on facts, largely independent of a personal perspective, and that expects to be corroborated (confirmed) by a knowledge community

subjectivity

(bb.16) looking at the world from a personal point of view, under the influence of feelings and emotions

interpretation

(bb.16) an explanation of the meaning of something

scholasticism

(bb.17) a method of learning characteristics of the Middle Ages, and based on the logic and traditional beliefs about what is true

skepticism

(bb.17) an attitude of doubt; a method of obtaining knowledge through systematic doubt and continual testing

values

(bb.17) standards of behavior; regard for things of important moral worth

authority

(bb.17) the moral or legal right to make decisions in, and take responsibility for, a particular field of knowledge or activity; the word can also be used to denote a person or group who has that authority

polymath

(bb.17) a person with expertise in several different fields of knowledge

hypothesis

(bb.17) a proposed explanation or starting point, based on limited evidence that can be tested in an investigation

evidence

(bb.19) signs that you can see, hear, experience, or read to support the truth of an assertion

relativity

(bb.20) recognizing that knowledge claims are dependent on contextual factors or frames of reference

relativism

(bb.20) the belief that what might be true or right for one person or group need not be true or right for another person or group; that all truths are of equal value

responsibility

(bb.20) a duty or moral obligation

absolutism

(bb.22) belief in absolute truth and absolute cultural, religious, political, and moral standards against which all other views can be judged

tolerance

(bb.22) acceptance of different perspectives and behaviors, even if you disagree with them

conviction

(bb.22) a firmly held belief