Hartman's CNA Ch 8 & 9 Vocab

nutrition

how the body uses food to maintain health.

nutrient

a necessary substance that provides energy, promotes growth and health, and helps regulate metabolism.

therapeutic diets

diets for people who have certain illnesses, conditions or food allergies; also called modified or special diets.

modified diets

diets for people who have certain illnesses, conditions or food allergies; also called special or therapeutic diets.

special diets

diets for people who have certain illnesses, conditions or food allergies; also called modified or therapeutic diets.

puree

to blend or grind food into a thick paste of baby food consistency.

NPO

abbreviation meaning nothing by mouth; medical order that means a person should not have anything to eat or drink.

dehydration

a serious condition that results from inadequate fluid in the body.

fluid overload

a condition that occurs when the body cannot handle the amount of fluid consumed.

edema

swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues.

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing.

aspiration

the inhalation of food, fluid or foreign material into the lungs.

parenteral nutrition (TPN)

the intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system.

nasogastric tube

a feeding tube that is inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach.

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

a feeding tube that is placed into the stomach through the abdominal wall.

gastrostomy

a surgically created opening into the stomach in order to insert a tube.

rehabilitation

care that is given by specialists to help restore or improve function after an illness or injury.

restorative care

care given after rehabilitation to maintain a person's function, improve his quality of life, and increase his independence.

ambulation

walking.

ambulatory

capable of walking.

adaptive assistive devices

special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform activities of daily living.

amputation

the surgical removal of some or all of a body part, usually a hand, arm, leg, or foot.

phantom sensation

warmth, itching, or tingling in a body part that has been amputated.

phantom limb pain

pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated.

prosthesis

a device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed because of an accident, injury, illness, or birth defect; used to improve a person's ability to function and/or his appearance.

range of motion (ROM)

exercises that put a joint through its full arc of motion.

abduction

moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

adduction

moving a body part toward the midline of the body.

extension

straightening a body part.

flexion

bending a body part.

dorsiflexion

bending backward.

rotation

turning a joint.

pronation

turning downward.

supination

turning upward.

opposition

touching the thumb to any other finger.