Developmental Stages and Theories

Birth to age 1

Infancy

Ages 1 to 3

Toddler

Ages 3 to 6

Preschool

Ages 6 to 12

School-age

Ages 12 to 19

Adolescence

From head to toe

Cephalocaudal

From the trunk to the tips of the extremities

Proximodistal

Who owns the Psychosocial theory

Erik erikson

Who owns the cognitive theory

Jean piaget

Who owns the Psychosexual theory

Sigmund Freud

Who owns the Moral developmental theory

Lawrence Kohlberg

Stages of psychosocial theory

Trust vs Mistrust

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Initiative vs Guilt

Industry vs Inferiority

Identify vs Role Confusion

Intimacy vs Isolation

Generativity vs Stagnation

Integrity vs Despair

Age group of trust vs mistrust

Infancy (0-1 yrs.)

Age group of autonomy vs shame and doubt

Toddler (1-3 yrs.)

Age group of initiative vs guilt

Preschool (3-6 yrs.)

Age group of Industry vs inferiority

School age (6-12 yrs.)

Age group of identity vs role confusion

Adolescence (12-18/19 yrs.)

Age group of Intimacy vs isolation

Young adulthood (18-40 yrs.)

Age group of Generativity vs stagnation

Middle adulthood (40-65 yrs.)

Age group of Integrity vs despair

Late adulthood (65+ yrs.)

What are the stages in psychosocial theory is not included in child’s development

Stages 6,7,8

Stages pf cognitive theory

Sensorimotor

Pre-operation

Concrete operational

Formal operational

Age under sensorimotor

Infancy & toddler (0-2 yrs.)

Age under pre-operation

Preschool (2-7 yrs.)

Age under Concrete operational

School age (7-11 yrs.)

Age under Formal operational

Adolescence (11-15 yrs.)

Stages under psychosexual theory

Oral

Anal

Phallic

Latency

Genitals

Age under oral

Infancy (0-1)

Age under Anal

Toddler (1-3 yrs.)

Age under Phallic

Preschool (3-6 yrs.)

Age under Latency

School age (6-12 yrs.)

Age under Genitals

Adolescence (12-18/19 yrs.)

Stages under moral development

Pre-conventional

Conventional

Post-conventional

Age under pre-conventional

Pre-school (2-7 yrs.)

Age under Conventional

School age (7-12 yrs.)

Age under Post-conventional

Adolescence (12+ above)

Develops trust as the primary caregiver meets his needs.

Trust versus mistrust

Learns to control body functions; becomes increasingly independent.

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Learns about the world through play; develops a conscience.

Initiative versus guilt

Enjoys working with others; tends to follow rules; forming social relationships takes on greater importance.

Industry versus inferiority

Is preoccupied with how he looks and how others view him; tries to establish his own identity while meeting the expectations of his peers.

Identity versus role confu- sion

Progresses from reflex activity, through simple repetitive behaviors, to imitative behaviors; concepts to be mastered include object permanence, causality, and spatial relationships.

Sensorimotor stage

Is ego-centric and employs magical thinking; concepts to be mastered include representational language and symbols and transductive reasoning.

Preoperational stage

Thought processes become more logical and coherent; can’t think abstractly; concepts to be mastered include sorting, ordering, and classifying facts to use in problem solving.

Concrete operational stage

Is adaptable and flexible; concepts to be mastered include abstract ideas and concepts, possibilities, inductive reasoning, and complex deductive reasoning.

Formal operational stage

primitive instincts; requires immediate gratification

Id

conscious, rational part of the personality

Ego

a person’s conscience and ideals

Superego

Seeks pleasure through sucking, biting, and other oral activities.

Oral stage

Goes through toilet training, learning how to control his excreta.

Anal stage

Interested in his genitalia; discovers the difference between boys and girls.

Phallic stage

Concentrates on playing and learning (not focused on a particular body area).

Latency period

At maturation of the reproductive system, develops the capacity for object love and maturity.

Genitalia stage

Attempts to follow rules set by authority figures; adjusts behavior according to good and bad, right and wrong.

Preconventional

Seeks conformity and loyalty; follows fixed rules; attempts to maintain social order.

Conventional

Strives to construct a value system independent of authority figures and peers.

Postconventional

Learn thru senses and movements & Babies explore the world by touching, seeing, tasting

Sensorimotor

Develop OBJECT PERMANENCE (knowing objects still exist even when it’s hidden)

Sensorimotor

Child begins to use language and imagination. Difficulty understanding logic

Pre-Operational

Thinking EGOCENTRIC (they think everyone sees the world like them)

Pre-Operational

Children start LOGICAL THINKING, but only about concrete things they can see or touch

Concrete Operational

They understand

      - CONSERVATION: quantity stays the same if shale changes

      - CLASSIFICATION: grouping objects

      - CAUSE AND EFFECT

Concrete Operational

Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically

Formal Operational

Can understand

       - Philosophical studies

       - Future planning

       - Scientific meaning

Formal Operational

Stages under pre-conventional

• Punishment & Obedience

• Reward Orientation

stages under conventional

• Good boy/Good Girl

• Law and Order

Stages under post-conventional

• Social Contract

• Universal Principles

“I won’t do it because I might get punished”

Punishment & Obedience

“I’ll do it if I get something in return.”

Reward Orientation

“I’ll do it so people will like me”

Good boy/Good Girl

“Rules are rules. I must obey laws”

Law and Order

“Rules can change if they are unfair”

Social Contract

“I will follow justice and ethics even if I suffer“

Universal Principles

Starts of toilet training

18-24 mos.

Means maturation

Development

Benchmark of child’s development

Milestone

Tool used to check whether a child is developing normally for their age

Denver II Screening Test

Denver II Screening Test in US; in PH it’s ___

Metro Manila Developmental Screening Test (MMDST)

4 areas of child’s development that denver II screening test check

Personal-social

Fine motor-adaptive

Language

Gross motor