UNIT 2 — The Living World: Biodiversity

What are the three main types of biodiversity?

Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

What is genetic diversity?

Variation within species.

What does species diversity measure?

The number of species in a given area.

What is ecosystem diversity?

The variety of habitats in a particular region.

How does higher biodiversity affect ecosystems?

Higher biodiversity equals more resilience.

What are provisioning ecosystem services?

Services that provide food, water, and wood.

What do regulating ecosystem services include?

Climate regulation and flood control.

What are supporting ecosystem services?

Nutrient cycling and soil formation.

What do cultural ecosystem services refer to?

Tourism and spiritual value.

What principle applies to island biogeography regarding species?

Large islands have more species.

How does the proximity to the mainland affect island species diversity?

Islands closer to mainland have more species.

What effect does isolation have on biodiversity?

Isolation decreases biodiversity.

What is the role of natural selection in evolution?

Natural selection favors traits that improve survival.

How do species respond to environmental change?

Species can adapt, migrate, or go extinct.

What is predation?

One organism kills and eats another.

What is parasitism?

A relationship where the parasite benefits and the host is harmed.

What is mutualism?

A relationship where both species benefit.

What is commensalism?

A relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

What does competition refer to in ecology?

When organisms fight for resources.

What is the biggest threat to biodiversity?

Habitat destruction.

What are some other threats to biodiversity?

Invasive species, pollution, climate change, and overharvesting.

What does HIPPCO stand for in conservation biology?

Habitat loss, invasive species, population growth, pollution, climate change, and overharvesting.