Endocrine System Overview

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the endocrine system, its hormones, and associated conditions.

Hormone

A chemical substance released into the blood that has an effect on other target tissues.

Two Types of Hormones

1. Protein-based (hydrophilic) 2. Lipid-based (hydrophobic)

Permissive Effect

When one thing creates the right conditions for another thing to work properly.

Addison's Disease

A disorder where the adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol.

Cushing's Disease

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

An autoimmune disorder that leads to hypothyroidism by attacking the thyroid gland.

Thyroid Hormone Functions

Increase basal metabolic rate (BMR), regulate body temperature, stimulate blood cell production.

Hypothalamus

A brain region that controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Hormone released by the hypothalamus stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

Hormone that stimulates sperm production in males and ovulation in females.

Estrogen

A female sex hormone produced by the ovaries that affects reproductive development.

Prolactin

Hormone responsible for milk production in the breasts.

Feedback Mechanism

Process where the output of a system regulates its own production.