AP Chem Unit 3.1-3

Mr ionic mentioned??

A nonpolar molecule with more electrons is more __________, meaning it has stronger _________

polarizable, LDFs

When molecules are the same size, ______ forces are stronger than _______ forces

dipole-dipole, London disperson

When two molecules have a large difference in size, the strength of their _______ (whether polar or nonpolar) scales with their size

IMFs

Although CCl₄ has only LDFs, while HCl has dipole-dipole forces AND LDFs, CCl₄ has a stronger IMFs because…

It is much larger than HCl (more electrons)

Hydrogen bonds are really just extra-strong ________ forces

dipole-dipole

What must a molecule have to be a hydrogen bond DONOR?

Hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to F, O, or N

What must a molecule how to be a hydrogen bond ACCEPTOR?

F, O, or N with a lone pair of electrons on it and a partial negative charge (part of a polar bond)

Hydrogen bond ACCEPTORS don’t need to have…

Hydrogen, just F, O, or N with lone pair

In a large molecule, it is possible for hydrogen bonding forces to be formed between a _____________________ and the _______________

hydrogen atom (bonded to F, O, or N); negative end of a dipole formed by F, O, or N

Ion-dipole forces

Attractive force between ion and polar molecule, usually occurring in a solution

Ion-dipole forces occur when an ionic compound is ___________ in a polar _________, such as…

dissolved, solvent, H₂O

Dipole-induced dipole forces

Attractive force between polar and nonpolar molecules → polarity of polar molecule causes a nonpolar molecule to form a temporary dipole

Dipole-induced dipole forced increase with the __________ of the polar molecule and the ____________ of the nonpolar molecule

magnitude, polarizability

Polarizability

The case with which the electron cloud in an atom or molecule can be distorted (larger electron cloud = more polarizable)

London dispersion forces

Attractions between nonpolar atoms/molecules that are caused by temporary dipoles

Dipole-dipole forces

Attractions between polar molecules in which the partial negative charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the positive partial charge on another nearby molecule

If two compounds have the same formula, but one structure has a larger surface area, it will have __________ IMFs

stronger

Amorphous network solid

Solid with a random, disordered arrangement of atoms or molecules

Crystalline network solid

Three-dimensional, repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules

Ionic and covalent network solids have ________ melting points, while molecular solids have _______ melting points

high, low

_____ solids are hard and brittle

Ionic

_____ solids are hard and rigid

Covalent network

_____ solids are soft

Molecular

_____ solids are malleable and ductile

Metallic

Which is the only SOLID that conducts electricity?

Metallic

Metalloids form _________ bonds with nonmetals

covalent

A higher vapor pressure implies many _________

collisions

Vapor pressure

Pressure exerted by a gas in equilibrium with its liquid phase at a given temperature

Network solids only have _________ and lack ________, giving them ridiculously high _______________

bonds, IMFs, boiling points

When comparing two liquids at the same temperature, the liquid that has a higher ____________ should have a lower ____________

vapor pressure, boiling point

Boiling point

Temperature which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid

Normal boiling point

Situation in which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm/760 torr)

Which solid is represented by the particles?

Ionic

Which solid is represented by the particles?

Covalent network

Which solid is represented by the particles?

Molecular

Which solid is represented by the particles?

Metallic

Does Nick Forest know what polarizability is?

No lol

Is Mr Ionic the goat?

[[YES]]