Med-Surge Objecttve 5 Lecture 1 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Nursing Care

Hydration

Essential for life and bodily functions.

Fluid Functions

Transport nutrients and waste in the body.

Sweat Glands

Excrete 600 ml/day of fluid.

Bowels

Eliminate 100-200 ml/day of fluid.

Kidneys

Main regulator, excretes 1-2 liters/day.

Lungs

Release 300 ml/day of fluid.

Fluid Regulators

Brain regulates thirst and fluid intake.

Homeostasis

Equilibrium in body's internal environment.

Adaptive Mechanisms

Responses promoting healthy survival and balance.

Total Body Water

60% of adult body weight is water.

Age and Water Content

Varies by age, gender, and body mass.

Intracellular Fluid

Accounts for 2/3 of body fluid.

Extracellular Fluid

Makes up 1/3 of body fluid.

Transcellular Fluid

Fluid within epithelial spaces.

Intravascular Fluid

Fluid within blood vessels.

Interstitial Fluid

Fluid between cells, 2/3 of ECF.

Diffusion

Passive movement of solutes from high to low concentration.

Osmosis

Passive movement of fluid from high to low concentration.

Active Transport

Energy-dependent movement against concentration gradient.

Electrolyte Movement

Regulates fluid balance and cell function.

Fluid Movement

Constant motion, influenced by sodium levels.

Infusion Therapy

Used to manage fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

Water Functions

Transporting nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen to cells.

Hypovolemia

Fluid volume deficit, leading to dehydration.

Hypervolemia

Fluid volume excess, causing swelling.

Third Spacing

Fluid volume displaced from vascular compartments.

Gastro-hypovolemia

Fluid deficit due to gastrointestinal loss.

Kidney Failure

Fluid excess due to impaired kidney function.

Allergic Reaction

Third spacing caused by severe allergic response.

IV Fluid Therapy

Treatment for excessive fluid loss or deficit.

Lasix

Diuretic medication causing fluid volume reduction.

Fluid Imbalances Causes

Reduced intake, poor diet, excessive substances.

Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit

Insufficient volume in vascular compartments.

Signs of Hypovolemia

Thirst, acute weight loss, oliguria, and confusion.

Oliguria

Low urine output indicating fluid deficit.

Blood Pressure Changes

Decreased BP with rapid, weak pulse.

Skin Turgor

Poor skin elasticity indicating dehydration.

Rehydration Therapy

8-10 glasses of water daily for hydration.

Monitoring Interventions

Track weight, intake, output, and vital signs.

Client Education

Inform about treatment reasons and engage participation.

Hypervolemia Causes

Excessive intake or abnormal fluid retention.

Pulmonary Edema

Fluid accumulation in lung air sacs.

Signs of Hypervolemia

Elevated BP, increased breathing effort, crackles.

Physical Assessments

Monitor for signs of improvement or worsening.

Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)

Condition with excess fluid in body tissues.

Signs of FVE

Weight gain and prominent jugular veins.

Diuretics

Medications known as 'water pills' for fluid removal.

IV Therapy

Intravenous delivery of medications and fluids.

Provider Interventions

Medications for breathing, BP, and swelling management.

Increased Monitoring

Frequent assessments to ensure client stability.

Fluid Restriction

Limiting fluid intake to manage FVE.

Dietary Restriction

Reducing salt intake to prevent fluid retention.

Third Spacing

Fluid trapped in body areas, not contributing to equilibrium.

Common Sites of Third Spacing

Fluid accumulation in abdomen, causing ascites.

Pitting Edema

Swelling that leaves an indentation when pressed.

Non-Pitting Edema

Swelling that does not leave an indentation.

Albumin

Concentrated protein that draws fluid into vascular space.

Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)

Condition with insufficient fluid in the body.

Signs of Third Spacing

Weight gain, decreased BP, increased HR.

Client Education

Informing clients about treatment reasons and participation.

Daily Weights

Regular monitoring to track fluid retention changes.

Safety Interventions

Using side rails for clients at risk of dizziness.

Fluid Imbalance Consequences

Can lead to low BP and organ damage.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Fluid Shifts in Dehydration

Fluid moves from blood vessels into interstitial spaces.

Assessment of Crackles

Indicates potential fluid volume excess in lungs.

Monitoring Intake and Output

Tracking fluid consumption and excretion for stability.

Physical Assessments

Evaluating signs of improvement or worsening condition.

Implementing PHCP Orders

Following provider's directives for patient care.

Documenting Changes

Recording patient progress or lack thereof.

Oxygen and Ventilation

Supportive measures for clients with FVE.