cellulose
carbohydrate component of plant cell walls
amino acid
monomer unit of proteins
glycerol
the three carbon backbone molecule of the triglycerides
glycogen
an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals
cholesterol
a lipid molecule that acts as a precursor for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
fatty acid
long carbon chains with a carboxylic acid end; derived from the breakdown of fats
R-group
the chemical side group of an amino acid; differentiates each amino acid
carbohydrate
class of energy-giving nutrients that include starches, fibers and sugars
protein
an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
DNA
a long linear polymer of nucleotides shaped like a double helix
dehydration synthesis
a chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule
hydrolysis
a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water
ester bond
the bond formed when fatty acid molecules are joined to glycerol molecules
ether bond
a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides
peptide bond
a bond that links amino acids together in a protein
starch
a storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose
phospholipid
a molecule that is a constituent of cell membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
polymer
a large molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together
monomer
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
glucose
A monosaccharide that is an important source of energy.