West an the World Art and Literature Mid term review

Medieval Icon

• sacred images or holy figures or events, often made of wood w/ encaustic or egg tempera

• this where extremely common yet also controversial because the people that worshiped to these where believed by others to be calling or mistaking the icon for gd

• however it was believed by the "Idolaters" that whatever they did to the icon was then done to the actual person

• example story of this is with the woman whose scratched off some paint of the doctor saints and was then cured when she ingested the paint

Abstraction

• this was what was moved towards from naturalism and realism (funny how then in renaissance they then go towards those very things)

• creating encounters w/ divine truth

• art is like a sign post, communicating a divine truth

• whatever did to an icon was done to whatever was depicted

Aniconism

• Absence of human figures (no pictures of people) in art

• used in Islamic Art

Illuminated Manuscript

• a handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals

• remeber we watched video on how this was made

• this was an image in san illuminated manuscript*if u r destroying Christ's icon u r no different than the romans who killed him"

Proto-Renaissance

• Chaucer was described as a early humanist

• Christine de Pizann, a proto feminist writer who wrote the book of the City of Ladies where each part was woman, written in the vernacular

• Giotto De Bondone paintings

• be able to identify if a work is proto renaissance

• we see the ideas of the Renaissance starting to apear

Islamic Geometric Design

• Since they can not depict gd they valued words so so much nad geometric design to express qualities and thoughts abt gd

• Significance of star center point that all else radiates

Chaucer

• early humanist

• wrote the Canteburry tales

• known as father of English poetry

• wrote in Iambic Pantameter

• this tries to mimic the rythm in the human body

• this methoed was even used by Walt Whitman when he tries to capture something bigger than life ex. the national soul

General Prologue

The General Prologue is the key to The Canterbury tales that narrates about the gathering of a group of people in an inn that intend to go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury (England) next morning. In the General Prologue, the narrator of The Canterbury Tales, who is one of the intended pilgrims, provides more or less accurate depictions of the members of the group and describes why and how The Canterbury Tales is told. If we trust the General Prologue, Chaucer determined that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. The host of the inn offers to be and is appointed as judge of the tales as they are told and is supposed to determine the best hence winning tale. As mentioned before, The Canterbury Tales was never finished.

Encyclopedia of Human Characters

• this is essentially a book or list of different chacters and charectures

• each one has their desires, beliefs, and ideals that we see often in the people around us

• this is a technique that chaucer’s uses to create diverse characters and interactions

• many people in modern day are inspired by chaucers use of this and is often used, especially in popular books and Hollywood

• some examples, are knight, the perfect gentlemen, the the wife bath a forward thinking sexually active older women

The Wife of Bath

• Prologue and Story Summary:

• talks about her 5 husbands and the fifth one that was harder to control

• then story where a Knight rapes a girl and then instead of being killed, he has the chance to figure out what women want most

• cant find answer until old woman says marry me and I will tell you, it is soveirnghty over their own relationships

• then on wedding night she gives him the choice; she can be old and faithful, or young and possibly unfaithful, he says she can choose and then she is young and faithful

• Themes:

  • women should have control in relationship using guilt, manipulation, and sexuality

  • Personnel experience (her 5 marriages) are worth more than religous authority

  • nobleness is not in your blood you must prove it

  • poverty is good for religion

Pardoner

• dred lock showed uncempt

• sold fake relics to people

• would brag at how good he is at making poor people give him their only money

• represents greed and deceit in the church and in general especially in the clergy

• Prologue

  • His prologue exposes his hypocrisy: he condemns the very sin he commits constantly

• Story:

  • Three men set out to kill “Death.”

  • An old man tells them they’ll find Death under a tree.

  • They find gold instead and immediately become greedy.

  • They plot against each other to keep the treasure.

  • The youngest buys poison; the other two plan to stab him.

  • All three end up killing each other.

  • The moral: Greed destroys everything.

• Themes:

  • satire

  • greed

  • “The love of money is the root of all evil”

  • criticize church

  • death is inescapable

Relic

• pieces of the remains of holy people or touched by holy people

• at this time it was an enchanted time

• a lot of places where built to hold relics

• like the industry souvenirs

Machiavelli

• Renaissance writer

• formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong

• accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means."

• hard power over soft power

• was imprisoned and tortured by L'orenze de Medici who then his book the Prince was dedicated to

Rhetoric, Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

• Ethos, pathos, and logos are three concepts used in classical rhetoric to refer to the three fundamental modes of persuasion.

• ethos is credibility or trust

• Pathos refers to the emotional appeal of the speaker or writer.

• Logos refers to the logical appeal of the speaker or writer

The Feldman Method for Art and Architecture

• just look over to use this as a tool to help analyze

Fresco

• an ancient mural painting technique where pigments mixed with water are applied to freshly laid, wet lime plaster, causing the paint to chemically bond with the wall as it dries, becoming a permanent part of the surface

Egg Tempera

• A painting medium in which ground pigments are bound with egg yolk

• common in middle ages and early renaissance

Trompe-l'oeil

• visual illusion in art, especially as used to trick the eye into perceiving a painted detail as a three-dimensional object

• like the painted stuff that looked like craved marble

Foreshortening

• The use of perspective to represent in art the apparent visual contraction of an object that extends back in space at an angle to the perpendicular plane of sight

• like a hand reaching out to the viewer would use foreshortening

Naturalism

• a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail

verisimilitude

the appearance of being true or real

Michelangelo

• (1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David

• used very renaissance techniques

Raphael

• (1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter

• he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens

Leonardo da Vinci

• A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa and last supper

Botticelli

One of the leading painters of the Florentine renaissance, developed a highly personal style.

• The Birth of Venus

• spring with over 190 different species of plant

Pietro Perugino

"Delivery of the Keys"
perspective, Jesus on people's level/no halos, architecture, landscape, colors, individuals, background

Leon Battista Alberti

• he wrote the book on painting, how it became it intellectual

Jan van Eyck

• painted portraits

• northern renaissance

• used objects to represent different details about the individual

• almost impossible level of detail

Hans Holbein

• German portrait painter of the 1500s known for his photographic-like realism

• this was at a time of extreme political danger when King Henry VIII (the one with six wives) was killing anyone who opposed him

Techniques

• Chairoscuero

• Sfumato

• Trompeloeil

• Linear Perspective

• Atmospheric Perspective

• Foreshortening

Effects

• Realism

• Naturalism

• Verisimilitude

• Humanism

  • Human Experience

  • Non Secular ideals

  • Human Achievement

Frame Narrative

a literary technique where a story is enclosed within another story, with the outer story providing the context for the inner one

Vernacular

• the vernacular at this time was middle english

• this was important because often times people would write in a different language then what they would speak in

• so when chuacer wrote in the vernacular this made it so that the common people could read it

Pilgrimage

• a journey to a place of religous signifigance as an act of religous devotion

Indulgences

• church issued pardon of sin off of an indulgence

• is possible for pope to say all earthly sins are forgiven

• example he said if pilgrame make it to rome absolved all of their earthly sin

Monasticism

A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith

• Not sure why important with chaucer Church of the Holy Sepulcher

Catholic Church located on the site of Jesus' cruxifiction, burial, and resurrection.

• major site for piligrimage

Canterbury Cathedral

Some churches housed relics, the remains or possessions of saints. Pilgrims traveled to pray before these relics.
In The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays members of all three classes of society as they travel on a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral

St. Thomas Becket

• Archbishop of Canterbury

• stood up to Henry II's abuse of power

• killed for speaking out against the king.

Proto-Feminism

• Christine de Pizan was a big figure for this

• one of only women that became a writer and was able to life on that cuz her whole family was dead

Nun/Prioress

Excessively dainty, attached to worldly things & keeps small pets & jewelry-against Church rules

• she represents trying to be something she isn't or shouldn't be

• also abother form of mis leadership in the church which chacer often does through satire

• also researchd her tale and it was anitisemetic and i was wondering if chaucer view point is same

• also potrayed as hot, very emotional, and not speaking of her clerical deeds

Friar

• very much a womanizer

• suggests that he slept with many woman in town and then would pay for their marriages to cover up scandal - also said he was qualified to hear confessions (not true) and then would say their penance was to give him money

• also with his nice clothes that shows where the money is really going

monk

• modern monk

• agian represents the church not being run rght cuz he fat meaning he doesnt rebuke any earthly possesions

Plowman

• brother of parson

• the ideal, virtuous Christian of the lower class

• dressed modestly

Parson

• gave to poor

• didn't hat the sinful man

• chaucer shows that because he does these is might be poor in wordly things but rich in spiritual wealth

• his reluctancy to take from poor for church shows he alligence with charity rather than church hiechary

• followed what he taught

• he used to show what chaucer thinks a proper church servant looks like

Knight

• good fighter, h fought in the cruades

• chivlarous

• honor

• almost seems like heart throb of story lol

• honor, truth, courage, generosity, and courtesy

Christine de Pisan

• proto-feminist

• City of Ladies, where like each part of town was a different lady

• it was also written in the vernacular

• she depicts herself in similar positions as male writers, for example she was painted in male patterns

The Queen's Manuscript

• Christine de Pisan made this for the queen

• it was full of a lot of her Christine De pizan's works

Allegory

• full story that conveys an abstract idea

• example of this is tortiose and the ahir

Iambic pentameter

• this tries to mimic rythem of human body

• walt whitman, chaucer, Dr. Seuss