AP African unit 3

How did English ideas about slavery differ from Spanish and Portuguese practices before colonization?

The English had little experience with large-scale slavery, while Spain and Portugal already used African labor on plantations:

Why did early English settlers not expect to rely on enslaved labor?

The English had little experience with large-scale slavery, while Spain and Portugal already used African labor on plantations

Describe how slavery in English colonies changed over time, and explain why race became a major factor.

They expected to use indentured servants and didn’t plan plantation-style agriculture

Who were the first Africans to arrive in Jamestown in 1619, and what happened to them once they landed?

Slavery became permanent and race-based as laws tied lifelong servitude to being African

What was “seasoning” and why was it used before slave auctions?

About 20–30 Africans arrived and were forced into labor under tightening conditions

Describe the physical inspection process enslaved Africans endured before being sold.

Seasoning was forced training meant to break resistance and raise sale value

Identify and describe the three main types of slave auctions (Public Auction, Scramble, Private Sale).

They were examined for health, strength, and condition like property

Explain the main factors that influenced the price of enslaved Africans at auction.

Public auctions sold to the highest bidder, scrambles let buyers grab people at set prices, and private sales matched selected buyers

List two ways the auction process contributed to the dehumanization of enslaved people.

Prices depended on age, health, gender, skills, and condition

Why did early English settlers in the Chesapeake rely on Native Americans and indentured servants before Africans?

People were treated as property and families were routinely separated

Explain the historical significance of the John Punch case (1640).

Africans were scarce and expensive, so settlers used familiar temporary labor systems

Describe the purpose of the 1662 law partus sequitur ventrem.

It created the first legal racial distinction by sentencing Punch to lifelong servitude

How did Bacon’s Rebellion change the development of slavery in Virginia?

It made children inherit their mother’s enslaved status

Describe two demographic characteristics of the enslaved population in the Chesapeake (1680–1750).

It pushed elites toward expanding African slavery to avoid united uprisings

What cultural adaptations did Africans develop in the Chesapeake region?

The population grew, became more African-born, and became more gender-balanced

Who were the free people of color in the Chesapeake, and why did they lose some freedoms over time?

They combined languages, foods, religions, and family traditions into new cultures

Why did Carolina planters rely heavily on enslaved Africans from specific West African rice-growing regions?

They were formerly enslaved or mixed-race people who lost rights as racist laws increased

Describe the task system and explain how it shaped enslaved life in Carolina.

Those Africans had rice-farming skills that made plantations profitable

How did enslaved Africans preserve elements of West African culture in the Carolinas?

Enslaved people finished daily tasks and then sometimes had limited personal time

Identify two brutal punishments authorized by the Barbadian Slave Code adopted in Carolina.

They kept traditions alive through Gullah language, foodways, music, and spirituality

Why did New England have a much smaller enslaved population compared to the southern colonies?

It allowed whipping, mutilation, and execution for resistance

Describe daily life for enslaved people in New England and explain why family formation was difficult.

Its economy used small farms and trades instead of plantations

Who was Samuel Sewall, and what was the argument of The Selling of Joseph?

They worked in homes and farms, but small numbers made families hard to maintain

How did pro-slavery thinkers in New England justify enslavement using religion?

Sewall argued slavery was immoral and violated Christian and natural rights

Explain how the triangular trade connected New England to slavery despite its small enslaved population.

They claimed the Bible supported slavery and said it “saved” Africans spiritually

Explain the concept of “half-freedom” under Dutch rule in New Netherland.

New England profited by trading rum and goods for sugar and molasses in the slave economy

How did English control of New York expand slavery in the colony?

Half-freedom let some enslaved Africans live semi-independently but kept their children enslaved

Describe typical living and working conditions for enslaved people in the Middle Colonies.

The English expanded slave importation and strengthened slave codes

Why was slavery less common in Pennsylvania compared to New York and New Jersey?

They did hard labor and lived in cramped, poorly heated quarters under strict control

Why did France import large numbers of Senegambian Africans into Louisiana between 1719–1731?

Quakers opposed slavery and small farms didn’t need large labor forces

What was the purpose of the Code Noir, and how did it shape life for enslaved people in French Louisiana?

They needed skilled rice and plantation workers to support the colony

Why did Spanish Florida become a major destination for freedom seekers escaping British colonies?

It imposed strict control while giving limited protections and rules for daily life

What was Fort Mose, and why is it historically significant?

Spain offered freedom to escapees who converted to Catholicism and served in the militia

Why did early Georgia leaders attempt to ban slavery, and why did settlers ignore the ban?

It was the first free Black settlement and a refuge for escapees

Who were the Salzburgers, and why did they oppose slavery?

Leaders wanted small farms, but settlers wanted enslaved labor like South Carolina

Describe the events of the Stono Rebellion (1739).

They were German Protestants who opposed slavery for moral and religious reasons

Identify two major causes of the rebellion.

Enslaved Africans revolted, marched toward Spanish Florida, and were defeated by the militia

What were the main effects of the Stono Rebellion on South Carolina’s slave laws (Negro Act of 1740)?

Brutal conditions and the promise of freedom in Spanish Florida

What were the main effects of the Stono Rebellion on South Carolina’s slave laws (Negro Act of 1740)

The act tightened control, restricted movement and education, and increased punishment