Exam 1 Vocabulary Terms & Diagrams

label the diagram

A style with exposed wood beams and spaces filled with brick or plaster.

ARCHITECTURAL TERMS

Half-timbering

A flat-roofed, rectangular Egyptian tomb with sloping sides.

ARCHITECTURAL TERMS

Mastaba

High windows that bring in light and air.

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Clerestory

Columns attached to a wall for decoration.

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Engaged columns

A large ancient cemetery; literally means “city of the dead.”

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Necropolis

A stepped pyramid temple in Mesopotamia.

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Ziggurat

A sacred temple enclosure.

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Temenos

Stone construction without mortar.

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Dry masonry

A very large stone monument.(“Mega” = big, “lith” = stone)

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Megalith

A tall upright stone.(“Men” = stone, “hir” = long)

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Menhir

Two upright stones with one across the top.. (“Tri” = three, “lith” = stone)

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Trilithon

Vertical posts support a horizontal beam.

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Trabeation (post & lintel construction)

A room with many columns supporting the roof.

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Hypostyle hall

A row of columns.

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Colonnade

A massive sloped gateway.

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Pylon

A tall, tapering stone pillar.

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Obelisk

An object that wards off evil.

TERMS

Apotropaic

A part representing the whole.

TERMS

Metonymy

Smooth, squared stones in rows.

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Ashlar masonry

A fortified city stronghold.

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Citadel

Massive stone construction without mortar.

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Cyclopean masonry

Large rectangular hall with a hearth and porch.

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Megaron

High city with temples.

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Acropolis

Public marketplace and gathering space.

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Agora

space between columns.

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Intercolumniation

Slight swelling in a column.

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Entasis

Vertical grooves on a column.

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Fluting

Inner temple room for the deity.

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Cella

Grand temple entrance.

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Propylaea

Inclined plane in pyramid construction.

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Talud

Vertical decorated plane of a pyramid.

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Tablero

Wedge-shaped arch stone.

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Voussoir

Top center stone of an arch.

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Keystone

Volcanic ash in Roman concrete.

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Pozzolana

Roofed entrance with columns.

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Portico

Round opening in a dome.

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Oculus

Sunken decorative ceiling panels.

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Coffers

Central open area of a Roman house.

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Atrium

Main room for reception or office.

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Tablinum

Roman dining room with couches.

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Triclinium

Shallow pool collecting rainwater.

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Impluvium

Public square for trade and gatherings.

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Forum

Large Roman public building.

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Basilica

Main central part of a church.

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Nave

Triangular wall section under a roof.

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Gable

Hot room in a Roman bathhouse.

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Caldarium

Warm room in a Roman bathhouse.

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Tepidarium

Cold room in a Roman bathhouse.

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Frigidarium

Roman military fort.

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Castrum

Main north-south street.

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Cardo

Main east-west street.

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Decumanus

Circular or oval theater.

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Amphitheater

Monumental victory arch.

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Triumphal arch