APES vocab

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Mutualism

A interaction of where 2 or more species benefit from their relationship.

Competition

Organisms fighting for resources, such as shelter or food.

Commensalism

An association between 2 organisms in which one benefits and the other doesn’t benefit or get any harm done.

Predation

The preying of one animal on others.

Resource partitioning

The way different species minimize competition for limited reosurces by utilizing them in different ways.resources

biome

AN area classified according to the species that live in the location

terrestrial

Biomes found on land

climatogram

Showing average temperature and average precipitation over a time period.

wetland

A type of ecosystem that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, and supports plants adapted to waterlogged conditions.

salinity

Concentration of salt

estuary

Freshwater meaning saltwater, which creates fresh biodiversity

Mangrove swamp

A coastal wetland found in tropical and subtropical regions, characterized by salt-tolerant trees and a unique ecosystem that provides habitat for various wildlife.

intertidal zone

The area of the shoreline that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged at high tide, home to unique ecosystems and adaptations.

Source

releases more than it takes in

Sink

Absorbs more than it releases

reservoir

A supply or source or something.

sequester

The process of capturing and storing substance, for example, the process of carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide

direct exchange

A process in which two substances exchange energy or materials directly without barriers.

Respiration

Biochemical process by which organisms break down organic molecules to release energy.

Burial

Process of rocks or sediments covered by newer material, typically other sediments or rocks.

Combustion

Chemical reaction that is obtained by the form of heat. Something burning.

Nitrogen fixation

Process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or related compounds in soil and water, essential for plant growth.

rhizobacteria

beneficial bacteria found in soil that promote nitrogen fixation by forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

assimilation

Organisms take up nutrients from the enviornemnt and incorporate them into their own bodies

ammonification

Process by which organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia by bacteria, making it available for plants.

nitrification

The process by which ammonia is converted into nitrites and then nitrates by bacteria in the soil, making nitrogen available to plants.

denitrification

The microbial process by which nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas, returning nitrogen to the atmosphere and completing the nitrogen cycle.

weathering

Geological uplift

Limiting nutrients

Precipitation

infltration

evapotranspiration

runoff

net primary productivity

gross primary productivity

Second Law of thermodynamics

food chain

food web

trophic cascade

Habitat biodiversity

Species biodiversity

Species richness and eveness

genetic diversity

Provisioning

regulating

supporting

cultural ecosystem services

distance from mainland

island size

Adaptive radiation

immigration

range of tolerance

physiological stress

random

periodic

episodic

geologic time

wildlife migration

evolution

natural selection

primary sucession

secondary succession

pioneer species

mid-successional species

climax community

A stable and mature ecological community that undergoes little change in species composition, typically the final stage of ecological succession.

keystone species

Niche generalist

niche specialist

realized niche

Population growth rate

biotic potential

carrying capacity

r-straegist

k-strategist

fecundity

type 1, 2, and 3 survivorship curves

Exponential growth model (J shaped)

Logistic growth model (S shaped curve)

overshoot

d

dieback/dieoff

Density dependent factors

density independent factiors

limiting resource

population pyramid

age structure diagram

pre-reproductive age cohort

reproductive age cohort

post-reproductive age cohort

population momentum

totral fertility rate

familt planning

contraception

replacement level fertility

crude birth rate

crude death rate

infant mortality rate

Malthusaina theory

rule of 70

Theory of demographic transition

A model that describes the transition of human populations from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a result of economic development and modernization, leading to changes in population growth patterns.