Studied by 22 people
Fort Sumter
This event began the Civil War. The fort was one of two remaining Union forts in the South Confederacy. President Lincoln sent provisions to the fort and the South perceived this as an act of aggression and bombed it.
Southern Advantages in civil war
-Home soil -Superior military leaders -better prepared armies
Northern advantages in civil war
-economy -3/4 of nation's railroads -higher population
What did the confederacy count on that they did not receive? Why?
Foreign aid Confederacy believed Britain depended upon their cotton exports but Britain had amassed a surplus and they depended upon the Northern grain more.
Trent Affair
Union captured confederate diplomats on the British ship Trent and Britain prepared for war but Lincoln released the diplomats so as not to fight a two front war.
Alabama (ship)
British war vessel which acted as a confederacy base. Captured many Union vessels until it was defeated in 1862 (similar vessels remained).
Laird Rams
War ships built in Britain to be sold to confederacy. Never sold because Prime Minister Adams warned that war with the union would ensue.
Maximilian
Placed on throne of Mexico City by Napoleon in 1863. (US reversed this after the war).
Jefferson Davis
President of Confederacy
What wartime actions of President Lincoln's were unconstitutional?
-declared blockade -increased the federal army in size -gave citizens $2 (total) for military purposes -suspended habeas corpus
Writ of Habeas Corpus
the right to be present at one's own trial
Which side grew short on men first?
The south began drafting 1 year earlier and drafted a larger age range
Morrill Tariff Act
increased duties from 5-10% in the Union (favored manufacturing)
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
first US female physician. helped to organize US Sanitary Commission
Bull Run
overconfident north lost battle and south grew overconfident while north prepped for war
Peninsula Campaign
McClellan, when ordered by Lincoln, brought troops down James and York rivers to capture York Town in 1862. Unsuccessful in capturing the capital, Richmond.
Virginia (ship)
redone Marrimack vessel completed by the confederacy. This was defeated by the Union Monitor
2nd Battle of Bull Run
General Lee (S) defeated General Pope (N) and headed to Maryland
Antietam
McClellan defeated Lee at this pivotal battle due to finding his battle plans (Sept 17, 1862). McClellan removed from position.
Emancipation Proclamation included which states?
All states currently in rebellion (no border slave states)
Border States
non-seceded slave states: MO, KY, W.VA, MD, DEL
General A. E. Burnside
replaced McClellan. killed many (both sides) in "Burnside's slaughter pen"
Ulysses S. Grant
one of best military leaders the union had. became prominent in the Mexican War. only accepted unconditional surrender, captured Forts Henry and Donelson (TN). fought on western front and forced surrender of Vicksburg (important S supply)
General William Tecumseh Sherman
Union general tasked with take over of GA
Salmon Chase
secretary of treasury who opposed Lincoln
War Democrats
supported Lincoln
Peace democrats
did not support Lincoln
Copperheads
against Lincoln, the draft, and emancipation (democrat group)
Union Party
republican and war democrat party joined
Wilderness campaign
campaign led by Grant to capture Richmond against general Lee. many men lost
John Wilkes Booth
Assassinated Lincoln
What was important to many blacks upon their emancipation?
church/religion and education
Freedman's Bureau
intended to provide: food, clothing, medical care, education. led by Oliver O. Howard
Andrew Johnson
former vice to Lincoln made president. self made.
10% Plan
plan for reconstruction: a state would be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of it's voters took an oath of allegiance to the US and pledged to abide by emancipation. (congress did not approve/ favored 50% plan)
Black codes
made to ensure stable, subservient work force and restore pre-emancipation race relations. blacks forced into labor contracts.
14th amendment
conferred citizenship and guaranteed civil rights to all those born in the United States
Republican radicals led by...
Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens
Reconstruction Act
divided the south into 5 military districts and granted male suffrage
15th amendment
passed 1869 all men could vote
13th amendment
freed the slaves
Union league
primary black political platform
Ku Klux Klan
tried to terrify blacks and forcefully abuse them to force them into submission
Force Act of 1870 & 1871
attempted to end the reign of the KKK but blacks were already fearful
Johnson's Impeachment
occurred in 1868 and ended with a not-guilty verdict
Alaska Purchase
Secretary of State William Seward signed treaty with Russia to buy Alaska for $7.2 million in 1867
positive civil rights
amendments which grant the federal government power (13-15)
negative civil rights
amendments which restrict the federal government's power (1-10)
sharecropping
former slaves farmed a small plot of land and gave half of harvest to the landowner
tenant farming
people rented a plot from a landowner for a price and kept most of the harvest
redemption period
whites in the south came back into power and pushed blacks out forcefully after the white military presence left.
3 ways to restrict blacks from voting...
-poll taxes -literacy tests -grandfather clause
Plessy v. Ferguson
court case which ruled blacks and white would be separate but equal. this legitimized the Jim Crow laws.
