Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy - Video Notes Review

Flashcards covering core concepts from the lecture notes on Pharmaceutical Botany, taxonomy, historical figures, scientific methods, and Philippine regulatory aspects.

What is Botany?

A branch of biology that studies plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes.

What is Taxonomy?

The science of classifying and naming organisms, organizing living things into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

What is the relationship between botany and pharmacy?

Botany provides knowledge about plants; pharmacodynamics studies medicinal substances from nature and their effects; together they support healthcare.

From which language does the term 'botany' derive and what does it mean?

Ancient Greek; meaning pasture, herbs, or grass.

Who is known as the Father of Botany?

Theophrastus.

What were Theophrastus's contributions to botany?

He recognized plant sexuality, differentiated flowering from non-flowering plants, and described about 500 plant species.

What is Materia Medica and who authored it?

A five-volume Greek encyclopedia about herbal medicine written by Dioscorides, describing around 600 plant species and their medicinal uses.

What did Gaspard Bauhin contribute during the Renaissance?

Grouped morphologically similar species into the same genus.

What did Johannes van Helmont study?

He measured the uptake of water by a tree.

What is Robert Hooke known for in botany?

Invention of the microscope and early observations of plant cells (no visible nucleus or organelles).

Who observed living cells with a microscope in this period?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

What is Historia Plantarum about?

A work that classifies plants by reproduction, localities, sizes, and practical uses, describing the natural history of plants.

Who established plant sexuality and what is the key idea?

Rudolf Camerarius; pollen from stamens is required to fertilize female ovules (style/ovary).

What did Stephen Hales contribute to plant science?

Established plant physiology as a science and developed methods to measure area, mass, volume, temperature, pressure, and gravity in plants (Vegetable statics).

Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy and what does taxonomy cover?

Carolus Linnaeus; identification, nomenclature, description, and classification of organisms (species).

What did Joseph Priestley demonstrate about plants?

Green plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen; oxygen is essential to animal life; chlorophyll was discovered in this era.

Who first elucidated the process of photosynthesis and when was the mechanism finally clarified?

Mayer; the process was elucidated but the exact mechanism remained a mystery until 1862.

What is the significance of Darwin and Wallace in this context?

Darwin and Wallace developed the theory of natural selection; Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.

What does the Origin of Plants section state about the early Earth and life?

Life began about 3.5 billion years ago with prokaryotes; early plants were single-celled microalgae; algae and cyanobacteria produced oxygen, leading to the ozone layer.

What is the Scientific Method?

An empirical approach to understanding the natural world, involving observations, hypotheses, experiments, data analysis, and drawing conclusions.

What are the key terms in the Scientific Method?

Hypothesis, Experiment, Variables, Data, Principle, Theory.

What are the STEPS in doing the Scientific Method?

Recognize a problem; Develop a hypothesis; Design and perform an experiment; Analyze and interpret the data; Share new knowledge.

What is Sampung Halamang Gamot (DOH) in the Philippines?

A DOH-approved list of ten medicinal plants used in traditional health practices.

What trend has been observed regarding drug costs and local medicinal plants in the Philippines?

Using locally available medicinal plants and herbs has been effective for treating common ailments and can reduce drug costs.

What is Republic Act 8423 (TAMA) and what does it establish?

Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997; created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC).

Name the Top 10 herbal treatments officially recognized by the DOH.

Sambong; Akapulko; Niyog-niyogan; Tsaang Gubat; Ampalaya; Lagundi; Ulasimang Bato; Bawang; Bayabas; Yerba Buena.

Name five fields of Botany.

Plant Anatomy; Plant Taxonomy; Plant Systematics; Plant Geography; Plant Morphology.

Name two more specialized Botany fields focused on molecules or cells.

Plant Molecular Biology; Plant Cell Biology.

Name the applied fields in Botany related to people and culture.

Economic Botany and Ethnobotany.