History CLEP - Unit 7

production

businesses and universities overwhelmingly cooperated

Manhattan Project

$2 billion secret effort to build atomic bomb

science and technology

government-funded research programs, improved radar systems, proximity fuse

opportunities for workers

new defense factories required millions of workers

national war labor board

created to settle labor disputes

war labor disputes act

president could seize and operate any strike-bound plant essential to national security

war production board

controlled supply of many items

office of war information

handled domestic propaganda

alien registration act

unlawful to advocate overthrow of the government, germans, Italians, and other europeans interred for “suspicion of treason”, internment of Japanese Americans for ethnicity

“double v” campaign

winning abroad and gaining civil rights at home

d-day

140,000 allied troops commanded by Eisenhower scramble ashore at normandy, by the end of June 170,000 additional troops are fighting in France

Yalta Conference

agreed to transfer part of Eastern Germany to Poland, rest of Germany divided into 4 zones, Stalin agreed to declare war on Japan within 3 months of Hitler’s defeat

V-E day

germans surrender unconditionally

war in the pacific

American’s used an island hopping strategy

bombing of Japan

Truman drops atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end war and save American lives

Ho Chi Minh

US involved in Vietnam, Ho and his followers declared themselves Communist

Stalin’s aims

expand Soviet borders, did not promote rapid rebuilding of war-ravaged economies or world trade

Truman’s aims

quick rebuilding of nations, world economy based on free trade

atomic diplomacy

soviets claimed US held nuclear monopoly forcing Russian diplomatic concessions

Truman Doctrine

communism threatens world peace, US must support free peoples resisting subjugation, sought aid for Greece and Turkey to resist soviets

Marshall Plan

US would finance massive European recovery program, Europeans must spend money of US products

National Securities Act

created the Office of Secretary of Defense, the National Security Council, and the CIA

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

12 nation mutual defense strategy

Warsaw Pact

soviet-centered alliance for communist nations

June 1950

North Korea invades South Korea

brinksmanship

willingness of the nation to go to the edge of all-out war

central intelligence agency

used spies to gather info abroad, undermined foreign governments

guatemala

CIA plotted to overthrow leftist leader Arbenz Guzman, united fruit company gets land they want, decades of civil war

Cuban Revolution

fidel castro, fueled by anti-American nationalism, ousts Batista, signs treaty with the Soviet Union

“Bay of Pigs”

kennedy’s greatest fiasco

Suez Crisis

US breaks its promise to Egypt to help build the Aswan High Dam, Nasser responds by nationalizing the British-owned Suez Canal and wants to use its profits to build the Dam, later receives help from the Soviets to build the dam

Eisenhower Doctrine

the US will intervene in the Middle East if any government threatened by communist takeover asked for help

Taft-Hartley Act

states could enact right-to-work laws outlawing closed shops

full employment act

increased minimum wage, stated national goal of: full employment, maximum production, and GNP

Truman’s Fair Deal

proposes national health insurance program and federal aid for education

“Venona”

top-secret project, proves Soviet infiltration of US government agencies

House of Unamerican Activities Committee

hunted down domestic communists

Mccarthyism

senator Joseph McCarthy’s witch-hunts of suspected communists

brown v board of education

eliminates separate but equal doctrine

Little Rock nine and central high school

eisenhower sends national guard