CCJS100 Exam 3 Court Cases

Cooper v. Pate (1964)

Prisoners are entitled to the protection of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and may challenge federal courts the conditions of their confinement

Hudson v. Palmer (1984)

Prison officials have the authority to search cells and confiscate any materials found

Wolff v. McDonnell (1974)

Basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made about imposing significant punishments on prisoners for violating institutional rules

Lee v. Washington (1968)

Racial discrimination cannot be an official policy within prison walls

Johnson v. California (2005)

Segregation can be justified only in rare instances by compelling circumstances, such as a temporary expedient during periods when violence between races is demonstrably imminent

Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973)

Before probation can be revoked, a two-stage hearing must be held and the offender must be provided with specific elements of due process. Requested counsel will be allowed on a case-by-case basis

Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)

Due process rights require a prompt, informal, two-stage inquiry handled by an impartial hearing officer before parole may be revoked. The parolee may present relevant information and confront witnesses.

Kent v. United States (1966)

Juveniles have the right to counsel at a hearing at which a juvenile judge could waive jurisdiction and pass the case to the adult court

In re Gault (1967)

Juveniles have the right to counsel, to confront and examine accusers, and to have adequate notice of charges when confinement is a possible punishment

In re Winship (1970)

The standard of proof “beyond a reasonable doubt” applies to juvenile delinquency proceedings

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)

Juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by jury

Breed v. Jones (1975)

Juveniles cannot be found delinquent in juvenile court and then transferred to adult court without a hearing on the transfer; to do so violates the protection against double jeopardy

Schall v. Martin (1984)

Juveniles can be held in preventative detention if there is concern that they may commit additional crimes while awaiting court action

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Execution of offenders for crimes committed while under the age of 18 is unconstitutional

Graham v. Florida (2010)

Juveniles cannot be sentenced to life without parole for non-homicide offenses

Miller v. Alabama (2012)

Bans mandatory life without parole sentences for juveniles convicted of homicide.