AP Psych Final unit 5 part 1

Cognition

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

prototype

a mental image or best example of a category

• matching new items to a prototype gives a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories

• when something closely matches our prototype of a concept, we more readily recognize it as an example of the concept

convergent thinking

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution (ex. aptitude test)

divergent thinking

expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions (ex: creativity tests)

morphemes

in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; maybe a word or a part of a word

• such as a prefix

• combine 2+ phonemes

• beds → 2 (bed and s)

m=meanings

phonemes

in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

• sounds in a language

• B- buh, E-eh

Phon→phone= sound

stages of language development

babbling stage, one-word stage, two-word stage, telegraphic stage

wernicke’s aphasia

involved in language comprehension and expression

• in the left temporal lobe (auditory cortex)

• cant understand words and can only speak in meaningless sentences

• hearing, understand

U(understanding)=W

broca’s aphasia

helps control language expression

• in left hemisphere’s frontal lobe (motor cortex)

• directs the muscle movement involved in speech (in area that does this)

• could sing and understand, but struggle to speak

• speaking

broc=broken english

Benjamin Whorf

linguistic determinism

• the strong form of Whorf’s hypothesis- that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us

Linguistic determinism

the strong form of Whorf’s hypothesis- that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us