AMSTUD Vocab 7.5 & 7.6

neutrality

President Wilson's first response to the outbreak of the European war was a

declaration of U.S. ________ in the tradition of noninvolvement started by

Washington and Jefferson.

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Russia

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

Submarine Warfare

Used during World War I mainly between German U-Boats and Atlantic supply convoys for Great Britain

Lusitania

American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI

Sussex Pledge

German pledge to warn neutral ships and passenger vessels before attacking

Jeanette Rankin

1st female member of congress, voted against the United States going into WW1

Edward House

In 1915, he was President Wilson chief foreign policy adviser. He traveled to London, Paris, and Berlin to negotiate a peace settlement, but was unsuccessful.

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

Russian Revolution

The revolution against the Tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917.

Food Administration

Created by Wilson during WWI - Led by Herbert Hoover - set up ration system to save food for soldiers

Railroad Administration

During World War I, this agency took public control of the railroads to coordinate traffic and promote standard equipment. (p. 460)

National War Labor Board

A board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war

Liberty Bonds

American citizens were lending money to the government to pay for the war.

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

George Creel

A journalists who was the head of the Committee of Public Information. He helped the anti-German movement as well as inspired patriotism in America during the war.

Espionage Act

This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.

Sedition Act

law that made it illegal to criticize the government

Schenck v. US

Can limit free speech when there is a "clear and present danger"

anti-German hysteria

During World War I, Germans were labeled as the cause of the war and targeted with negative ads and comments.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

1918 Pandemic

The 1918 flu pandemic was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus.

Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

Strikes of 1919

major strike in Seattle, 60,000 unionists had peaceful strike for higher pay, troops called out, Boston police went on strike to protest firing of police officers who tried to unionize, Coolidge sent in National Guard, US Steel Corporation strike was broken in January 1920

Race riots

Migration of African Americans to Northern cities increased racial tensions, which led to violence in many cities. Conditions were no better in the South than in the North.

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

American Expeditionary Force

About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals

John J. Pershing

Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace

Western Front

Trench Warfare, small land gains, and ended in a bloody stalemate. Germany vs. GB and France.

November 11, 1918

Armistice Day. End of WWI

peace without victory

a proposal made by Woodrow Wilson for the defeated powers not to receive punishment

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's post WWI plan, most of which was rejected by European leaders following the war.

Big Four

Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister)

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Self-determination

The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Article X

The Treaty of Versailles required signers join the League of Nations. The League of Nations charter, Article X, called on each member nation to be ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations. (p. 465)

Henry Cabot Lodge

conservative senator who wanted to keep the united states out of the league of nations

Irreconcilables

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

Reservationists

a group of Senators, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, who opposed the Treaty of Versailles, to end WWI unless specific changes were included