Ethics Vocab Quiz 1

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Ethics

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25 Terms

1

Ethics

The branch of philosophy that studies morality, or right and wrong behavior

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2

Metaethics

Studies the foundations of ethics

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3

Moral Realism

The belief that there are moral facts in the same way that there are scientific facts

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4

Moral Absolutism

There are absolute standards against which moral questions can be judged, context and consequence don’t matter

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5

Moral Relativism

More than one moral position on a given topic can be correct

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6

Descriptive Cultural Relativism

People’s moral beliefs differ from culture to culture

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7

Normative Cultural Relativism

It’s not our beliefs, but moral facts themselves that differ from culture to culture

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8

The Grounding Problem

The search for a foundation for our moral beliefs, something solid that would make them true in a way that’s clear and objective

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9

Moral Antirealism

The belief that there are no moral facts and moral propositions don’t refer to objective features of the world at all

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10

Moral Subjectivism

Moral statements can be true and false, right or wrong, but they refer only to people’s attitudes rather their their actions

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11

Natural Law Theory

Relies on the starting assumption that God created the universe and all human beings with a moral sense

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12

Utilitarianism

What’s right or what’s wrong is based on what causes the greatest good for the greatest number of people

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13

Normative

How it should be

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14

Descriptive

How it is

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15

Ethical Theory

A systematic explanation of a particular view about what is the nature and basis of good and right

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16

Ethical Principle

Refers to those general judgements that serve as a justification for particular ethical decisions and evaluations of human actions

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17

Respect for Autonomy

(self-rule) We have an obligation to respect decisions made by others and their dignity. We can empower who we’re responsible for and not interfere with those we aren’t responsible for

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18

Beneficence

An action done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent harms or improve others’ situations

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19

Nonmaleficence

We have an obligation to do no harm to others. Where harm can’t be avoided we must minimize it

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20

Three main sources for evaluation ethical decisions

Motive, action, consequence

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21

Consequentialist/Teleological

(goal/end) An act is judged based on its consequences. An act is right if it produces more happiness than its alternative choices

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22

Deontological/Categorical

(duty) An act is right if the motive or action is consistent with the demands of rules or ethical principles (“it’s the right thing to do”)

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23

Ethical Egoism

What’s in a person’s self interest determines right and wrong, not narcissism but that the moral thing to do is what advances someone’s self-interest

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24

Ethical Relativism

Relates to the norms of one’s culture and what is right or wrong depending on the culture

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25

Justice

An obligation to provide others with whatever is owed or deserved. We have an obligation to treat people fairly, equally, and impartially

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