unit 1 ap human geo

definitions and examples

The study of where things are found on the earth's surface and the reason for the locations.

geography

place

A specific point on earth, distinguishable by a particular characteristic.every place occupies a unique position or location on earth's surface.

region

An area of earth distinguishable by one or more particular characteristics

scale

The relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole.

scale of analysis that includes the entire world

global

scale of analysis between the entire world and a country, usually continent-based

regional

national

scale of analysis that includes one country

local

scale of analysis within a country

The physical gap or interval between two objects

space

connection

The relationship between people and objects across the barrier of space

Two dimensional or flat scale model of earths surface, or a portion of it.

map

reference map

They show the reader what is where.

thematic map

They help us ask questions across areas of space. They focus on one topic to make a point, or multiple ideas to help support an analysis

Describing the distance between one point to another using units of measurement.

absolute distance

absolute direction

Direction based on cardinal points

A mesurment of how connected two places are based off of social cultural and economic differences

relative distance

relative direction

Describing a location in its position in relation to other landmark

The science of making maps

cartography

global positioning system (gps)

A system that determines the pierce position of something on earth

Stores and displays geographic data.

geographic information system

remote sensing

Data about earth surface from a satellite or other long distance methods

map scale

Refers to the relationship of a features size on a maps to is actual size on earth

projection

Transferring locations on earth's surface to a map.

Numbers the parrales

latitude

longitude

They Identifying the location of each medidrain

A circle drawn around the globe at right angles to the medians

parallel

An arc drawn between the north and south polls

meridian

prime meridian

The meridian that passes through the royal observatory in Greenwich England also 0 longitude

Master reference for all time points on earth.

Greenwich Mean Time / Universal Time

For the most part it follows the 180 longitude you move the clock back 24 hours if you are heading eastward toward north Americas

International Date Line

The position that something occupies on earth's surface

location

absolute location

Position on Earth's surface using the coordinate system of longitude (that runs from North to South Pole) and latitude (that runs parallel to the equator)

the position of a place in relation to other places, describing its location by using landmarks, nearby features, or directions

relitive location

toponym

A name given to a place on earth.

formal/uniform region

An area within that everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics. Such as language, economic activity, or an environmental property

A area organized around a node or a focal point.

functional/nodal region

vernacular/perceptual region

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

A body of customary beliefs material traits and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a  group of people

culture

spatial association

he relationship between the distribution of one feature (like a demographic group or economic activity) and the distribution of another feature

globalization

A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope.

They conduct research, operate factories, and sell products in many countries not just where its headquarters is located.

transnational corporation

The arrangement of features in space

distribution

density

Frequency which something appears in a space

concentration

Extent of a features spread over space

The geometric arrangement of objects in space

pattern

Land Ordinance of 1785

The system of townships, ranges and sections

A chain of communication that connects places

network

distance decay

Contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears.

The reduction in time it takes to reach another place

space-time compression

resource

A substance in the environment that is useful to people.

The use of earth's resources in a way that ensures their availability for the future.

sustainability

renewable resource

Produced in nature more rapidly than humans can consume it.

Produced more slowly than humans can consume it

nonrenewable resource

Management of natural resources for human consumption.

conservation

preservation

Maintenance of resources in there present condition, with as little human impact as posible

Long term average condition at a particular location

climate

ecosystem

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they react

ecology

The scientific study of ecosystems

Study of human environment relationships

cultural ecology

environmental determinism

Pioneering nineteenth century German geographers Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter believed that the physical environment caused social development

possibilism

The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.