Day 4

Causes of the Reformation

Factors like criticism of church corruption, focus on wealth and power, and poorly educated clergy led to the Protestant Reformation.

95 Theses

Martin Luther's 95 statements challenging indulgences and church practices, sparking the Reformation in 1517.

Indulgences

Forgiveness sold by the church, criticized by Luther in the 95 Theses for being misused.

Papal bull

A statement from the Pope, like the one excommunicating Luther for his teachings.

Diet of Worms, 1521

Meeting where Luther refused to recant his beliefs, leading to his outlawing by Emperor Charles V.

Peasants’ Revolt

Uprising inspired by Luther but later opposed by him due to violence, leading to its suppression.

Schmalkaldic Wars 1546-1555

Conflicts between Catholic and Protestant princes, ending in a stalemate and the Peace of Augsburg in 1555.

English Reformation

Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church, establishing the Church of England and Act of Supremacy in 1534.

Act of Supremacy, 1534

Declared Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England, separating from the authority of the Pope.

Moderation and compromises

Efforts to settle religious differences between Catholics and Protestants in England during the Reformation.