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sustainability vs sustainable development
sustainability is a long term goal people hope to achieve whereas sustainable development is the direction and process by which the goal is achieved
planetary boundaries
Limits between which global systems must operate to prevent abrupt and irreversible environmental change
9 of them
6 have been transgressed since 2009
common pool resources
goods that are available to everyone, such as open ocean fisheries; it is difficult to exclude anyone from using the common pool, but one user's consumption reduces the amount available for others
tragedy of commons
finite
history of common pool resources
Garrett Hardin
if left to our own devices we would exhaust all the resources available for our own consumption
private sector/organization
for profit businesses, designed to make profits, Quercus
public sector/organizations
state level organizations and agencies, local/state/federal, DMV/FEMA/NJEA
plural sector/organizations
NPO/NGOs
social enterprise; where profit is allowed but money made needs to be returned back into community which is being served/mission statement
rutgers, professional associations
bruntland report/our common future
sustainable development is development that means the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
guiding principles for sustainable development
reignite environmental concerns into political sphere
bruntland report/our common future examples
enormous poverty in the south interesting with non sustainable patterns of consumption and production in the global north intersecting with critical global environmental problems.
Climate Action plan at Rutgers
-net zero GHG emissions no later then 2050
-climate positive, just and equitable, sustainable
8 groups to support
carbon neutrality by 2040 becoming carbon negative
core values: climate justice, civic responsibility, actionable scholarships
solar canopies, electrified fleet
SDGs
17 goals
framework for interconnection
aspirational
more cut out for western world
transnational sustainability
planetary boundaries
commerce and trade
international climate policy
hyperlocal sustainability
place (community and watershed)
regenerative and relocalized economies
community networks and collaborations
Spirit of Green
Nordhaus
framework of policy
tech isn't moving fast enough
private companies are wasting time
carbon ax to offset externality
up to governments
public policy intervention is indispensable
scope and limits of green accounting
society of organizations
wage dependency, bureaucracy and externalized social costs (unemployment, income inequality, air and water quality)
Anglo-American capitalism
free market economy
lower barriers to trade
more innovation
weaker social safety net
invisible hand
nordic/scandanavian capitalism
mixed market
welfare apitalism
social support programs
high regulations
preserve peace within wage and labor
investments in society like education
state sponsored capitalism
one government acts as a large corporation
consumer surplus extracted and put back into production
corporate social responsibility
the notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit
care about benefitting society and contributing positively to societies welfare
ethical business descis
stakeholder theory
ethical theory stating that social responsibility is paying attention to the interest of every affected stakeholder in every aspect of a firm's operation
interrelatedness of 3 dimensions: economic, legal and ethical
watershed
an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.
lower rarity is 14th most polluted watershed
"ridge between mountains"
circular economy
regenerative resources, minimizing waste creation, rutgers
donut economics
The Doughnut consists of two concentric rings: a social foundation, to ensure that no one is left falling short on life's essentials, and an ecological ceiling, to ensure that humanity does not collectively overshoot the planetary boundaries that protect Earth's life-supporting systems.
Raworth
inner circle is safe and just / safe and humane
our impact on environment and environments impact on us
triple bottom line
profit people planet
companies should commit to equal prioritization of profit and welfare of society and economy
3 e's
systems
interdependent set of relationships between constituents and entity
a combination of centralized and decentralized is a perfect system
Kate Raworth
donut economics
safe and just space within inner circle
Elinor Ostrom
economist
sharing a resource with clear defined rules, sanctions and punishments can be both sustainable and economical
tragedy of commons can be prevented
Johan Rockstrom
key architect of planetary boundaries
9 boundaries which if coursed can lead to irreversible planetary change
6 have been transgressed since 2009
Charles Perrow
how technologies impact organizations complexities and risk
natural accidents: are inevitable because of complexity within systems
Thomas Piketty
His recent book Capital in the Twenty-First Century analyzes trends in income inequality. Argues for a progressive global tax on wealth (i.e. a tax whose marginal rate rises as wealth rises).
bigger rations= increased inequality
Yanis Varoufakis
A Greek economist who served as finance minister from January to July 2015, when he resigned after a national referendum rejected a bailout deal from European creditors.
believes that every society which prioritizes GDP is in trouble
believes capitalism isn't working
what is an economic framework for sustainability?
Donut economics is one of the economic frameworks for sustainability because it focuses on the balance between human needs, represented by the inner circle, and planetary boundaries, represented by the outer circle. By focusing on these two aspects, and the future generations which this balance would impact, donut economics is a good framework for sustainability.
why might watersheds and watershed management be an important tool for thinking about sustainability?
Watersheds and watershed management are an important tool for thinking about sustainability because they involve many different aspects of the environment, are ways the community, NGOs and businesses can work together to focus on the 3 Es and also are a source of community and cultural values to be preserved for the future generation. By being a key part of all of these aspects, watersheds allow communities alike to think about their consequences and how the future may be different if sustainability is not prioritized.
why are planetary boundaries an important concept for thinking about sustainability
Planetary boundaries are an important concept for thinking about sustainability because they provide thresholds for resource use which informs us what resrouces we need to conserve and prioritize as well as educating us about how resrouces are finite and the consequences of resource overuse actually do come to fruition.
different business strategies for circular economy
global supply chains which reuse materials:
RPO- retain product ownership, business is responsibly for collection and disposal at the end of the products useful life
PLE-product life extension, design products for longer lide
DFR- focuses on the recovery of product and manufacturing materials over the course of the product lifestyle
