Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

A set of flashcards covering key terms and definitions from anatomy and physiology lectures.

Anatomy

The study of structure.

Physiology

The study of function.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of stable internal conditions using receptors, control centers, and effectors.

Scientific method

A systematic process involving observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, and conclusion.

Biomolecules

Organic molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates

Biomolecules that serve as energy sources and structural components.

Lipids

Biomolecules used for energy storage, cellular membranes, and signaling.

Proteins

Biomolecules that function as enzymes, transport molecules, and provide structure.

Nucleic acids

Biomolecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information, such as DNA and RNA.

ATP

A high-energy compound that serves as an energy currency in the cell.

Cell cycle

The series of phases that cells go through as they grow and divide: G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis.

Transcription

The process of converting DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Transmembrane potential

The charge difference across a cell membrane.

Epithelial tissue

A type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

Muscle types

The three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

Synovial joints

A type of joint that allows for a wide range of motion, typically found in limbs.

Action potentials

Electrical signals that transmit information along neurons.

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions.

Sympathetic nervous system

A division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

Parasympathetic nervous system

A division of the autonomic nervous system that promotes 'rest and digest' functions.